Volume 36, Issue 3 (9-2025)
Studies in Medical Sciences 2025, 36(3): 165-174 |
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Mohammadi T, Siavosh Haghighi Z M. Review of the Application of Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Studies in Medical Sciences 2025; 36 (3) :165-174
URL: http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-6461-en.html
URL: http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-6461-en.html
Basic Sciences and Pathobiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran , tymhd@razi.ac.ir
Abstract: (63 Views)
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common condition in older men, characterized by enlargement of the prostate gland. Although benign prostatic hyperplasia is benign and does not progress to cancer, differentiating it from prostate carcinoma, particularly in early stages, is of significant clinical importance. Immunohistochemistry serves as a valuable and complementary tool in the diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia, especially for distinguishing it from prostate cancer. While histopathology remains the gold standard for diagnosis, immunohistochemistry offers notable advantages that enhance diagnostic accuracy and confidence. This study aims to review the pathophysiology and histopathology of benign prostatic hyperplasia, introduce the most important and commonly used immunohistochemical markers associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, discuss the benefits of immunohistochemistry in its diagnosis, outline its limitations and challenges, and propose strategies to address these challenges. Relevant literature was systematically searched across major scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, covering the 10 years from 2015 to 2025. The review indicated that various immunohistochemical biomarkers—such as P63, HMWCK, P40, PSA, NKX3.1, CK8, Ki67, PCNA, AR, ERα, ERβ, PR, CD3, CD20, FGFs, IGFs, and HIF-1α—are employed to differentiate benign prostatic hyperplasia from prostate cancer in biopsy and prostatectomy specimens. Among these, the combination of basal cell markers and AMACR significantly improves diagnostic accuracy in challenging cases. Overall, although immunohistochemistry is not routinely used for the diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia, it is highly valuable in research for better understanding its pathophysiology, identifying subgroups, and distinguishing it from prostatic malignancies.
Type of Study: Review article |
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