Shafi Ghorbani Tazhandare, Dr Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi, Dr Mohammad Reza Nourani ,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (5-2013)
Abstract
Background: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSRA) is one of the main causes of serious infections in Iran and other countries. Treatment of these infections has become more difficult because of resistance to most antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of methicillin-resistance gene in S. aureus isolates and antibiotic susceptibility to oxacillin and other antibiotics were performed by Disc Diffusion Agar (DDA).
Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on SA isolates (n=73) collected from the clinical samples at during 2011 in ICU and Emeregency sections. All S. aureus isolates was identified after performing by routine laboratory procedures including, Gram stain, catalase test, DNase production, coagulase activity and mannitol salt fermentation. In this study used to identify Phenotypic by Disc Diffusion Agar (DDA) and for identify genotypic two pairs of primers designed by AlleleID software (version 6) on the basis of published DNA sequences of the S. aureus gene. Synthesis of primers was carry out by Cinnagen Company, Iran. PCR reaction of mecA with designed primers was optimized and incident of mecA was studied in clinical samples in ICU and Emergency sections.
Results: The PCR analysis of 73 S. aureus isolates originated from patients for mecA showed 65 (89%) cases were positive. But only 54 (74%) isolates were methicillin resistant when we used the DDA method.
Conclusion: As a conclusion, the resistance to methicillin of S. aureus in Baqiyatallah hospitals has reached to 89% and more than 95% of them were multidrug resistance.
SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2013: 24(2): 120 ISSN: 1027-3727
Nima Hosseini Jazani, Naser Garebaghi, Neda Sabernia ,
Volume 24, Issue 9 (11-2013)
Abstract
Background and Aims : Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen causing serious infections and treatment of such infections is very difficult. Vancomycin is the last line of treatment for resistant S. aureus. The aim of this study was investigation of epidemiology of vancomycin and oxacillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates in Urmia
Materials and Methods : During a descriptive study isolates from clinical specimens identified as S. aureus were collected. Susceptibility of isolates to vancomycin and oxacillin, were determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method, the sensitivity of isolates to other antibiotics was investigated by disk diffusion method.
Results : Most isolates of S. aureus obtained from inpatients (77 isolates), age group 20-29 years (24 isolates), the children (17 isolates) and urine sample (30 isolates). The highest rates of resistance were to penicillin and Co-amoxiclav respectively. The isolates showed most sensitivity to chloramphenicol, amikacin and Nitrofurantoin. 43% of isolates were resistant to oxacillin. Most of oxacillin-resistant isolates were obtained from inpatients. Three isolates from 100 were resistant to vancomycin. All the vancomycin resistant isolates were resistant to oxacillin too, also all the patients who vancomycin resistant isolates were obtained from inpatients.
Conclusion : High prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was observed in clinical isolates, also resistant isolates to vancomycin were obtained, so more attention on monitoring of the incidence and prevalence of such infections should be done.
SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2013: 24(9): 672 ISSN: 1027-3727
Ebrahim Sadeghi, Amir Nasim Far, Mohammad Karamiyar, Ahad Ghazavi, Ahmad Ali Nikibakhsh, Mehran Noroozi,
Volume 27, Issue 12 (3-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Nasal Colonization with Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is known as an important risk factor in the development of dangerous infections.
Materials and Methods: The present study seeks to investigate the prevalence of MRSA nasal colonization among the preschool and school children under 14 in Urmia. To do so, specimens for culture were obtained from 400 children. Cultures and antibiograms with oxacillin discs were performed in Shahid Motahari hospital of Urmia.
Results: 81 cases (47 females, 34 males) out of 400, nasal colonization were observed. Of which 12 (5 females, 7 males) were resistant to methicillin. Colonization was slightly higher among the females with no statistically significant difference (P.value>1).
Conclusion: The results indicate that colonization with MRSA is present among healthy children in the studied population. Fortunately, the respective prevalence was not higher compared to other areas. Further attention is required by the health authorities to prevent the transmission of such organisms among children
Rojan Modaresi, Hossein Tajik, Karim Mardani,
Volume 33, Issue 3 (6-2022)
Abstract
Background & Aims: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most important food-borne pathogens that causes staphylococcal poisoning in humans. This study aimed to isolate and identify Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in raw cow milk, phenotypic and genotypic identification of them, and determination of the resistance pattern of isolates in Urmia city, Iran.
Materials &Methods: 290 samples of raw cow's milk from May to December 2016 were collected from milk storage tanks in cattle farms and milk supply places in Urmia city, Iran, and were transferred to the food hygiene laboratory under sterile and cold conditions for their isolation process. Staphylococcus aureus was transferred using the usual microbiological and biochemical methods. To confirm coagulase positive isolates, nuc gene identification method was used. In order to identify the phenotypic isolates resistant to methicillin, Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and genotypic identification of mecA gene were used.
Results: 44 isolates were collected from 290 milk samples (144 samples from milk storage tanks and 146 samples from milk supply places), which from them, 14 isolates (7.9%) were from milk storage tanks and 30 isolates (20.5%) were from the milk supply places. The presence of Staphylococcus aureus in the samples was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Out of a total of 44 isolates, 7 isolates (16%) were resistant to Oxacillin, which from them, one isolate (7.1%) was from the tanks and 6 isolates (20%) were from the raw milk supply centers. They were detected as Staphylococcus aureus isolates which were resistant to Methicillin. The highest level of resistance of the isolates belonged to Penicillin (59.1%). None of the isolates showed resistance to Vancomycin, Tobramycin, and Gentamicin. From five isolates (4.1%) which had mecA gene, 4 isolates (13.3%) were related to milk supply centers and one isolate (7.1%) were related to milk tanks.
Discussion &Conclusion: According to the obtained results, the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA in milk supply centers is higher than that in the milk storage tanks. These results indicate secondary contamination and non-observance of hygienic principles during transportation and supply of milk.
Mahin Khalife Nezhad, Lida Lotfollahi Hagghi, Ata Abbasi Eslamloo, Shayesteh Gheibi, Ayda Esmaeili,
Volume 34, Issue 10 (12-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aim: The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance is a major health problem. The present study was designed and implemented to evaluate antibiotic resistance patterns in the patients admitted to Intensive Care Units of Imam Khomeini hospital in Urmia from September 2020 to September 2021.
Material & Methods: In this descriptive-cross-sectional study that was conducted from September 2020 to September 2021, all cell cultures of blood, urine, sputum and respiratory secretions, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), synovial fluid, and peritoneal fluid of the patients admitted to the ICU of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia were analyzed by a complete counting method.
the descriptive cross-sectional study over September 2020 till September 2021, through systemic sampling, all bacterial cultures of blood, urine, sputum and respiratory secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid of the patients admitted in the ICU of imam Khomeini hospital were evaluated. Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS 22. The significance level in this study was considered less than 0.05.
Results: In this study, a total of 1862 culture mediums were examined, of which 1162 mediums (62.4%) had negative cultures. Also, in 348 mediums (18.60%), there were mixed fungi or bacteria. Also, 22 samples were excluded from the study due to incomplete antibiogram reporting. Finally, 330 mediums were examined with the specific result of the type of bacteria grown to check microbial resistance. The most common microorganisms isolated from urine, blood, and sputum cultures were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Acinetobacter, respectively. Out of 34 mediums belonging to Staphylococcus aureus, one case was resistant to methicillin and three cases were resistant to cephalexin. Out of 252 mediums belonging to Gram-negative bacteria, ESBL, MDR, PDR and XDR were present in 61.5%, 88.1%, 34.5% and 11.5%, respectively. Antibiogram was used in 314 cases (98.5%) and did not match in 16 cases (1.5%).
Conclusion: The present study shows the risk of increasing microbial resistance, exposure to treatment-resistant strains, and the risk of non-response to antibiotic treatment in the patients. Therefore, necessary managements should be taken to prevent the unreasonable prescription of antibiotics and the intensification of the resistance process.
