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  Background & Aims: Studies show that body mass index (BMI) can predict success rate of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relation between BMI and waist circumference with success rate of ESWL and stone free rate after ESWL.

  Materials & Methods : In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 64 patients with kidney stone size 0.5 to 2 cm for urinary tract lithotripsy were studied. In all patients waist circumference, weight and height were measured at first refer. Stone analysis was done after lithotripsy. Also, in order to determine residual stones in week 6 after ESWL, kidney radiographs were taken.

  Results : In 64 patients including 43(67.2%) men and 21(32.8%)women, the average stone size was 12.90±3.99 mm. The patients' mean BMI was 25.91±4.34 kg/m² and waist circumference was 89.82±14.43 cm. Thirty tree patients (51.6%) were stone free and 31 (48.4%) had residual stone. There was no significant difference between stone free rate and sex, stone location and mean BMI. There was no significant difference in waist circumference between groups.

  Conclusion : Results of this study showed that body mass index and waist circumference have no role in predicting response to ESWL treatment and stone free rate after ESWL.

    Source: Urmia Med J 2011: 22(5): 489 ISSN: 1027-3727

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Background & Aims: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a gold standard for renal stones with a diameter of more than 2 cm. One of the complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy is intraoperative bleeding. This study was performed on the characteristics of kidney stones and their relationship with bleeding.
Materials & Methods: In this descriptive study, 90 patients underwent percutaneous lithotomy. Inclusion criteria were age between 18 and 80 years, ASA class Results: In this study, the mean age of patients was 45.21±11.69 years (age range: 16 to 76 years). Regarding weight, the mean weight was 76.72±14.76 kg (weight range: 47 to 111 kg). The mean density was 647.55±285.41, the mean stone size was 26.20±21.06, the mean SSD was 81.24±27.96, the mean radiation reception time was 77.85±46.99, the mean KV was 92.50±15.20, and the mean mA was 37.37±1.18. The patients in this study had a mean history of 2.52 times ESWL with a mean of 1.81 stones. The mean access time was 31.20±15.66. The most commonplace of access was inferior calyces (74.4% of cases). The correlation between the differences in hemoglobin levels before and after surgery with the characteristics of the stone showed that the stone diameter demonstrated a significant relationship with the difference in hemoglobin levels. The time of surgery has a positive (r = 0.321) and significant correlation (p = 0.046) with hemoglobin difference before and after surgery. In Pearson correlation test, stone size (r = 0.131, p = 0.020), stone density (r = 0.101, p = 0.018), and access time to kidney (r = 0.329, p= 0.002) had a significant relationship with the duration of surgery.
Conclusion:  This study showed that only the diameter of the stone is correlated with the difference between hemoglobin levels before and after surgery. As the time of surgery increases, the difference in hemoglobin before and after surgery increases, leading to more bleeding. High stone density and stone size are effective factors in hemoglobin drop.

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Background & Aims: Microlithiasis is a common increasing disorder, especially in infants and young children, defined as sonographic detection of hyperechogenic deposits in the pelvic area of the ureter and calyces which are less than 3 mm in diameter. Potassium citrate is one of the drugs used in nephrolithiasis. Citrate prevents the formation of calcium deposits. It also inhibits calcium oxalate crystals, which can be the nidus for kidney stones. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of potassium polycitrate versus no treatment in the infants with microlithiasis.
Materials & Methods: In this descriptive-retrospective study, 112 patients referred to a pediatric nephrology clinic were enrolled. Children less than two years old with microlithiasis in kidneys or urinary tract confirmed by ultrasonography imaging were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: the first group received potassium citrate solution of 1-2 mEq/kg of body weight daily for two months, and the second group did not receive any specific medication. Follow-up was performed every two months for six months using ultrasound by a skilled radiologist with a fixed ultrasound device. To minimize drug side effects and treatment response, the allergic responses were measured once every two months, and the physician decided drug will or will not continue. Data analysis was done by SPSS 19. The P values <0.05 were considered significant.
Results: The mean age of the study population was 4.13 ± 2.27 months. The mean weight in the total study population was 6.62±1.36 kg and the mean birth weight in the total study population was 3±0.41 kg. According to the results of the study, the decrease in the size or number of stones in one or both kidneys was more in the recipients of polycitrate solution and the increase in the size or number of stones in one or both kidneys was more in the infants not receiving polycitrate (P<0.001).
Conclusions: Factors such as age, sex, current weight, birth weight and type of nutrition have no effect on improving and/or reducing the size and number of renal stones. However, in the group receiving potassium polycitrate solution, there was a significant reduction in the size and number of stones compared to the non-receiving group.