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INVESTIGATING RESPONSE OF SPLEEN AND ERYTHROCYTES ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE SYSTEM ON THE EFFECTS OF N-ACETYL CYSTEINE AGAINST PARAOXON TOXICITY IN RAT
Saeed Khazaie, Mahvash Jafari, Javad Heydari, Fatemeh Salem,
Volume 26, Issue 3 (Monthly-May 2015)
Abstract

 

  Background & Aims : Paraoxon (POX) as an organophosphate pesticide is the active form of parathion that is widely used in agriculture. Antioxidants can protect cells from oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of NAC as a n antioxidant against POX- induced oxidative stress in rat spleen and erythrocytes.

  Material & Methods : In the present experimental study, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups including: control group (corn oil as POX solvent), POX group (0.7 mg/kg), NAC group (160 mg/kg), and NAC+POX all of which were given intraperitoneally. Then, 24 hours after injection, the animals were anesthetized, spleen tissues were quickly removed and blood was also collected by cardiac puncture and erythrocytes were obtained. Then, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, as well as glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined by biochemical methods.

  Results: POX increased SOD and GST activities and decreased GSH content in rat spleen and erythrocytes. Also, POX increased CAT activity and MDA level in erythrocytes and decreased CAT activity in spleen. Administration of NAC inhibited the changes in these parameters.

  Conclusion: POX with free radical production and depleted GSH content leads to oxidative stress induction in spleen and erythrocytes. Administration of NAC as antioxidant decreases POX-induced oxidative stress by scaveng ing free radicals and GSH synthesis , but it does not protect completely.

 

  SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2015: 26(3): 184 ISSN: 1027-3727


COMPARISON OF MUSCULAR FREQUENCY CONTENT IN HEALTHY CHILDREN AND CHILDREN WITH OVERACTIVE/ATTENTION DEFICIENT DURING WALKING
Amirali Jafarnezhadgero, Mina Salem, Ehsan Fakhri Mirzanag,
Volume 33, Issue 7 (October 2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a common neurocognitive disorder that has been one of the most extensive research fields and also one of the largest sources of referrals to mental health centers in recent decades. The aim of the present study was to compare muscular frequency content in healthy children and children with overactive/attention deficient during walking.
Material and Methods: The present study was a case-control type. The statistical sample included 20 boys with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and 20 healthy boys with an age range of 7-9 years, who were selected by convenient sampling method. A bipolar EMG system with 8 paires of electrodes was used to record EMG data of tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and gluteus medius while walking. Independent sample t-test was used for statistical analysis.
Results: The results indicated that the frequency of the medial gastrocnemius muscle during the loading phase is higher in the hyperactive group than the healthy group (p<0.001). Also, results demonstrated that frequency continent of vastus medialis during loading phase and frequency continent of gluteus medius during mid-stance phase were lower in overactive group than healthy group (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Lower vastus medialis and gluteus medius activities in overactive group may be due to weal postural control in sagittal and frontal planes.
 
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