37 2717-008X Urmia University of Medical Sciences 487 آناتومی IDENTIFICATION OF MOST IMPORTANT PATHOGENIC ASPERGILLUS SPECIES USING CONFORMATIONAL POLYMORPHISM OF SINGLE STRANDED PCR Mirhendi , Hossein Khoramizadeh Mohammad Jalalizand Nilufar Diba kambiz 1 12 2009 20 3 164 171 09 12 2009
488 آناتومی THE EFFECT OF FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION ON PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE LEVELS: A DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED RANDOMIZED TRIAL ON PATIENTS M Saboktakin B Pourghasem Gargari SA Mahboob N Pourafkari 1 12 2009 20 3 172 180 09 12 2009   Received: 23 Dec, 2008 : Accepted: 8 July 2009   Abstract  Background & Aims: Major depression is a mood disorder and the most common psychological disorder. As consistent findings in the major depressive disorder (MDD) denote for a low plasma folate and elevated plasma homocysteine concentration s the results of studies are controversary. In addition, there has been no previous investigation on the effects of administration of folic acid on plasma homocysteine levels in patients, so the present study aimed to assess the effect of folate supplementation plasma homocysteine levels in patients with major depressive disorder. Material & Methods: This study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 70 MDD patients that were randomly assigned to receive fluoxetine together with either 1 mg folic acid or an identical looking placebo daily for 8 weeks. All patients met the DSM-IV criteria for major depression and had a baseline Hamilton rating scale score of 20 or more. Baseline and 8-week estimations of plasma folate and homocysteine levels were determined by kits and with radioimmunoassay method and Enzyme Immunoassay method. The statistical analysis was conducted with the software package SPSS 11.5 and by paired t-test, independent t-test, and chi-square. Correlations were performed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: The results of the present study indicated that after 8 weeks, supplementation plasma homocysteine significantly decreased in women by 32%, (p=0.001) but there was no significant change in men. According to Hamilton rating scale women who received the folic acid supplement, showed a good response as compared to women in placebo group (P<0. 05) but there was no significant difference in treatment response between the men of two groups. According to Hamilton rating scale 88.9 percent of women in case group showed a good response (50% reduction in score) as compared to 59.3% women in placebo group (P<0. 05) but there was no significant difference in treatment response between the men of two groups. Conclusion: These finding suggest that Folic acid supplementation is a simple method for decreasing plasma homocysteine levels.   Keywords: Folic acid, Homocysteine, Major depression     Address Department of Nutritional Research Center, Faculty of Health & Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Tel : (+98)09131648488     E-mail: maryamsaboktakin@yahoo.com     Source: UMJ 2009: 20(3): 233 ISSN: 1027-3727 489 آناتومی A SURVEY ON THE FREQUENCY OF REFRACTIVE ERRORS IN OPHTHALMIC PATIENTS OF URMIA IMAM KHOMEINI HOSPITAL N Sharifi Aidenloo N Samadi 1 12 2009 20 3 181 185 09 12 2009   Received: 10 March, 2009Accepted: 29 July, 2009   Abstract   Background & Aims: Vision is an important indicator of health and life quality. The latest estimates of the World Health Organization indicate that there are 161 million visually impaired people worldwide. The most common reason for impaired vision may be refractive error. This research was performed to determine the frequency of refractive error s in ophthalmic patients of Urmia Imam Khomeini Hospital .   Materials & Methods: This cross sectional and descriptive study was performed on 451 patients with refractive error which referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital of Urmia. The samples were selected randomly and the d ata collected by using questioner and the results were analyzed using SPSS software.   Results: In this study the frequencies of refractive errors were: Plano 41 eyes (4.5%), Hyperopia 71 eyes (7.9%), Myopia 290 eyes (32.2%), Astigmatism 73 eyes (8.1%) and Mixed 427 eyes (47.3%). Most frequencies in all samples with refractive errors were mixed (268 patients, 59.4%) and the least frequencies in all of samples with refractive errors was Astigmatism (29 patients, 6.4%). There was no significant relationship between the frequencies of refractive errors in men and women (P>0.05). All of refractive errors were within the limits of 0-4 diopter.   Conclusion: This research was performed to determine the frequency of refractive errors in low size samples and that is incomparable with other researches that performed to determine the prevalence of refractive errors in high size samples. We suggest the further and future studies to determine the prevalence of refractive errors with high samples size.     Keywords : Refractive errors , Hyperopia, Myopia, Astigmatism     Address : Ophthalmology Ward, Urmia Imam Khomeini Hospital , Ershad Ave , Urmia , Iran   Tel: (+98) 9143458098     E-mail: samdi@umsu.ac.ir     Source: UMJ 2009: 20(3): 234 ISSN: 1027-3727 490 آناتومی SUCCESS OF DACRYOSYSTORHINOSTOMY WITH SILICONE TUBE IN TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC DACRYOCYSTITIS 1 12 2009 20 3 186 190 10 12 2009   Received: 11 March, 2009 Accepted: 8 July, 2009   Abstract   Background & Aims: One of the most common causes of Epiphora or abnormal tearing or recurrent infection is Dacryocystitis. The Dacryocystorhinostomy involves fistulization of the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity which may alleviate the symptoms. This research was performed to study three year results of the DCR with silicone tube in patients who had Dacryocystitis in Urmia Imam Khomeini Hospital , during 2004-2006.   Materials & Methods: This cross sectional and descriptive study was performed on 189 patients who referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital of Urmia. All patients who underwent DCR in three years during 2004-2006 were studied . The d ata were collected using a questioner including age, sex, form of the affection, the affected eye, complete recovery or a relative one, etc, then the results were analyzed in SPSS software using descriptive, Chi-square and Fisher tests.   Results: In this study, 194 eyes of 189 patients (50 males, 139 females) were studied. The average age of the patients was 46.22 years old (rang 30 - 60 years). Common presentations were epiphora and purelant discharge (56.1 %). Five of them had (2.7 %) bilateral involving and 184 (97.3%) had unilateral one. From 189 patients, 102 (20 male & 82 female) were followed up as they collaborated. The surgeries were successful in 84 cases (82.4 %).   Conclusion: This study showed that the patients over 60 years old were more successful than the others. The rate of recovery among unilateral groups was more than bilateral ones. The rate of recovery is high at over 60 year old groups, so it is recommended that the patients of this group undertake a therapy with DCR.     Keywords: Dacryocystorhinostomy, Dacryocystitis, Epiphora     Address : Ophthalmology Ward, Urmia Imam Khomeini Hospital , Ershad Ave , Urmia , Iran   Tel: (+98)09141416521     E-mail : shrifi@umsu.ac.ir   491 آناتومی THE EFFECT OF BUPROPION PERFUSION ON EVOKED POPULATION SPIKES OF RAT HIPPOCAMPAL SLICES Ghaderi Pakdel Firouz Zare Samad Heysieattalab Somaye Saboori Ehsan 1 12 2009 20 3 192 200 10 12 2009  Received: 7 April, 2009 Accepted: 17 June, 2009AbstractBackground & Aims: Antidepressants are very common therapeutic agents in medicine. Design and using new antidepressants have built a new scope for depression treatment. Bupropion is an atypical antidepressant but it is used as an anti-smoke agent widely due to its smoke cessation. Its effectiveness in producing smoking cessation seems independent of its antidepressant effects. The study of synaptic effects of bupropion can reveal its mechanism for nicotine dependence cessation. This study has tested the effects of bupropion on evoked responses of rat hippocampal slices. Materials & Methods: 16 hippocampal slices from 18-25 old age rat pops were tested. The hippocampal slices have been prepared according to standard techniques. Bupropion was perfused in ACSF (2 mmol) for 30 minutes. The amplitude of population spikes (PS) amplitude of Stratum Radiatum was measured before and after bupropion perfusion. Amplitude of PS before bupropion perfusion fitted as 100% for baseline. Results:   Bupropion (2 mmol) abolished PS of all slices for different periods. PS disappeared in 37.5% of slices for 1 hour, 25% for 1.5 hour, 12.5 % for 2 hour, and 25% for 4 hour or more. Bupropion disappeared PS 5-15 minutes after perfusion. Conclusion: Bupropion abolished or decreased PS amplitude. The results have showed that bupropion can decreases LTP or synaptic plasticity and alters the synaptic behavior in drug dependence.  Keywords: Bupropion, Hippocampal slice, Population spike, Rat Address: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Nazlou Road, Nazlou Academic Campus, Urmia, Iran  P.O.Box 1138      Tel: (+98 441) 2240643 E-mail: fgpakdell@umsu.ac.ir Source: UMJ 2009: 20(3): 236 ISSN: 1027-3727 492 آناتومی CONVULSION IN GASTEROENTERITIS OF CHILDREN Ghorashi Z Soltani Ahari H Ghorashi S 1 12 2009 20 3 201 205 10 12 2009 493 آناتومی RESULTS OF ENDOSCOPIC ULTRA SONOGRAPHY IN LOCALIZATION OF PANCREATIC INSULIMONA AND COMPARISON OF INTRAOPERATIVE FINDINGS Kamani F Peirovi H 1 12 2009 20 3 206 208 10 12 2009 495 آناتومی THE EFFECT OF MUSIC IN REDUCING THE PAIN AND STRESS DURING DELIVERY Nanbakhsh F Zadeh Mohammadi Ali Jalili N Ahmadnejad E 1 12 2009 20 3 209 214 12 12 2009 16 11 2013   Received : 18 Feb, 2008 Accepted: 19 Jan, 2009   Abstract   Background & Aims : Pregnant ladies always have the stress of the delivery. One of the methods to reduce the stress and pain of pregnant mothers is the body stretch along with music. We have done the following study in order to reduce the stress and pain of delivery.   Materials & Methods : The study was done on 20 pregnant women. The light melody of iguana dance was selected. The music was played at the active phase of labor. We compared results with Fisher test and T-test.   Results: The results showed that listening to music reducing the stress and pain of delivery. We considered the stress of delivery there was no obvious difference between the two groups before delivery. The hidden stress and comparison of pain after delivery was compared in both groups after delivery, which showed increase in the control group (P= 0.009) but no significant difference was in the study group (P= 0.002).   Conclusion: There are different ideas how the music effects the pain centers, through psychological or nerve endings effects. From psychological point of view music has calming down effect through the enhancing, of positive condition, which results in well being and causes release of pain. We suggest that more attention should be paid to patients in gynecology and also other medical wards.   Keywords: Music therapy, Pain, Stress, Delivery     Address : Gynecology Department, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran   Tel: (+98 441) 2220952     Email: faribanan@yahoo.com  �  Source: UMJ 2009: 20(3): 239 ISSN: 1027-3727 496 آناتومی PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA UTILIZING DIMETHOATE PESTICIDE Nazarian A 1 12 2009 20 3 215 221 12 12 2009   Received: 21 April, 2009 Accepted: 8 July, 2009   Abstract   Background & Aims: Dimethoate as an organophosphorus compound is commonly used for crop production which is neurotoxic in human. Pseudomonas family harbor organophosphate degrading plasmids have been known as tools for cleaning environmental pollutions.   Materials & Methods: Pseudomonas Putida was isolated from contaminated soil being identified and optimally cultured in mineral medium and was enriched with dimethoate. Bacterial utilization of dimethoate was determined by acetylcholine esterase inhibition (toxicity). The degrading plasmids for hydrolytic enzymes were deleted by acridine orange and transferred from resistance to sensitive strain.  Results : Dimethoate was optimally utilized at 0.8 g/L concentration in mineral solution. The maximum dimethoate concentration tolerate by this bacterium was up 4.0 g/L in nutrient broth. The bacterial growth increased more than 2 folds in medium containing dimethoate in comparison with inorganic phosphate. Total proteins’ content that increased up to 357 mg/L was used as a known neuro-toxicity marker. Acetylcholine esterase activity was decreased by dimethoate in concentrations of 0.2 - 2.0 g/L in linear order but the inhibitory effect of dimethoate residue decreased 50-95% in P. Putida culture containing 2.0 g/L dimethoate after 48 - 96 hrs respectively. The resistance strain was lost degrading plasmids by acridine orange. The resistance plasmids were also transferred to sensitive strains.  Conclusion : The mentioned plasmids express organophosphorus degrading enzymes and are supposed as effective techniques for cleaning of organophosphorus compounds as anti-nerve poisons and may be applicator of adverse effects of organophosphoruse compounds by modern technologies.    Keywords : Biodegradation, Dimethoate, Organophosphorus utilization, Anti acetyl choline esterase    Address : Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Tel: (+98 241) 4240300    Email: nazarian@zums.ac.ir     Source: UMJ 2009: 20(3): 240 ISSN: 1027-3727   497 آناتومی REPORT OF A PATIENT WITH ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION ACCORDING TO TRANS CRANIAL DOPPLER (TCD) SONOGRAPHY AND IT'S CORRELATION WITH MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY (MRA) Ashrafi Hamid Boostani Reza 1 12 2009 20 3 222 224 12 12 2009   Received: 8 Oct, 2008 Accepted: 11 Feb, 2009   Abstract   Arteriovenous Malformation( AVM ) is one of the most common etiologies of subarachnoid hemorrhage. In the past, conventional angiography was the only way for the diagnosis of AVM but nowadays, using noninvasive devices such as MRA and recently TCD, the diagnosis of AVM is revaluated.   This patient is a 19 year old man who was admitted for a severe headache and convulsion after its onset. Despite of overt signs of meningeal irritation, the axial brain CT scan was normal so lumbar puncture was performed and the diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage was documented. First with the diagnosis of Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, TCD sonography was done but surprisingly blood flow indices were indicating the presence of an AVM in the territory of right MCA and MRA established it.   TCD not only can anticipate the risk of vasospasm in the patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage, but also it can reveal AVM as the second etiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage. So it is recommended that blood flow indices should be noticed in any patient with the diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage for early recognition of AVM .   Keywords : Transcranial Doppler sonography, Atriovenous malformation, Subarachnoid hemorrhage.     Address : 4, Alley 37, Beheshti St. , Urmia , Iran Tel: (+98 441) 3443243     Email: ashrafi_hamid@yahoo.com     Source: UMJ 2009: 20(3): 241 ISSN: 1027-3727 498 آناتومی A CASE REPORT OF SHARED PSYCHOTIC DISORDER Hamednia Safar 1 12 2009 20 3 225 227 12 12 2009 499 آناتومی CASE REPORT OF NERVES VARIATION IN GLUTEAL REGION Alizade Z Koosha M Sohrabi S 1 12 2009 20 3 226 228 12 12 2009   Received: 31 Dec, 2008 Accepted: 22 July, 2009   Abstract  The sciatic nerve, posterior cutaneus nerve of thigh, and inferior gluteal nerve are branches of sacral plexus. They leave the pelvis via greater sciatic foramen and arises in gluteal region in infra piriformis fossa. The sciatic nerve usually divides at the upper angle of the popliteal fossa to common peroneal and tibial nerves. There are different variations in course of these nerves. Here common peroneal part of sciatic nerve, part of posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh and inferior gluteal nerve leave the pelvis above and tibial part of sciatic nerve and part of posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh pass inferior to the piriformis muscle to enter the gluteal region. Variations in these three nerves are rare and are of clinical and surgical importance.  Keywords : Sciatic nerve, Inferior gluteal nerve, Variations, Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh, Piriformis muscle     Address : Anatomy Department, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan , Iran   Tel: (+98) 09181110700     E mail : alizadeh@umsha.ac.ir     Source: UMJ 2009: 20(3): 243 ISSN: 1027-3727