Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
31
10
2020
12
1
MATERNAL AND FETAL RISK FACTORS OF LICENSING THERAPEUTIC ABORTION BY ILAM LEGAL MEDICINE ORGANIZATION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
717
724
FA
Mahdi
Alizadeh Mohajer
Professional Medical Doctor, Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
Yousef
Veisani
Ph.D. in epidemiology, Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
Amin
Bakhtiyari
Ph.D. in Genetics, Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author)
Background & Aims: Therapeutic abortion refers to the termination of pregnancy before the birth of a fetus to maintain maternal health or fetal diseases. Increased awareness of the medical team and the community about permissible cases of therapeutic abortion can reduce the number of illegal abortions. The purpose of the present research was to determine the frequency of causes of therapeutic abortion licensing in clients who were referred to Ilam forensic medicine.
Materials & Methods: Data were extracted from a cross- sectional study of 203 pregnant women who were referred to Ilam forensic medicine in 2016 and 2017 using data collection forms. Then, the results were presented as mean standard deviation (SD), absolute frequency, and percentage for independent variables.
Results: The results showed that 52.2% of abortion requests led to therapeutic abortion licensing. 80.2% were due to fetal malformations, and 19.8% were due to maternal illness. Downs syndrome, beta-thalassemia major, and encephalitis were the most frequent fetal malformations. ITP disease, chronic renal failure, and refractory chronic hypertension had the highest frequency among maternal diseases.
Conclusion: 52.2% of therapeutic abortion requests that were referred to forensic medicine received the authorization. Given that most clients were under medical care during pregnancy, the medical community should be aware of therapeutic abortion laws and refer mothers to forensic medicine at the appropriate time when they have indications.
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
31
10
2020
12
1
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF PLATELET-RICH PLASMA (PRP) ON OSTEOBLAST AND OSTEOCLAST DIFFERENTIATION IN THE PRESENCE OF POLYCAPROLACTONE / HYDROXYAPATITE 3D SCAFFOLD: AN IN VITRO STUDY
725
734
FA
Hadi
Mokhtari
Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Azadeh
Montaseri
Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medicine Faculty, Medical University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Mohammadali
Mojaddadi
Endodontist, Tabriz, Iran
Solmaz
Maleki Dizaj
Assistant Professor, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Corresponding Author)
Background & Aims: It has been shown that growth factors have a great role in improving wound healing processes. In addition, a relatively high proportion of endodontically treated teeth will require retrograde treatment in the future. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the presence of a three-dimensional scaffold.
Materials & Methods: In this in vitro study, mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the Wharton jelly of human fetal umbilical cord and assigned into osteoblasts and osteoclasts groups for the evaluation of differentiation. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups with and without PRP. All the samples were cultured on two PCL/HA (polycaprolacton/hydroxyapatite) polymer scaffold. To evaluate differentiation into osteoblasts, DMEM (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium) was used that contained 7‒10-mol dexamethasone, 10-mol glycerophosphate, and 50-mol ascorbic acid. In the osteoclast differentiation group, RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor Kappa-B ligand) and CSF (colony-stimulating factor) were used. In addition to differentiation agents, 10% PRP was added to the two subgroups containing PRP. After 10 days, differentiation into osteoblasts and osteoclasts was evaluated by assessing the expression of specific genes using real-time PCR. In the osteoblast differentiation group, expression of osteocalcin and osteotrix genes was evaluated and in the osteoclast differentiation group, expression of TRAP (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) was evaluated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey tests, using Graph Pad software program.
Results: Evaluation of the expression of the TRAP gene did not reveal any significant differences between the study and control groups. There was a significant difference between the group with the osteoclastogenic factor alone and the group with osteoclastogenic factor and PRP (p=0.0324). There was a significant difference in osterix expression between the control group and the PRP-treated group (p=0.0050). There was a significant difference between the group with osteoblastogenic factor alone and the group with osteoblastogenic factor and PRP (p=0.00001). There was a significant difference in the expression of osteocalcin gene between the control and PRP-treated groups (p=0.0110); however, the differences between the osteoblastogenesis groups with and without PRP treatment were not significant (P=0.5191). The differences in the expression of TRAP, osterix, and osteocalcin genes between the control and PRP-treated groups were significant (p=0.006 and p=0.0001, respectively).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that PRP resulted in an increase in osteoblastic differentiation, with no significant increase in osteoclastic differentiation.
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
31
10
2020
12
1
EVALUATION OF COMPLEX STROOP PERFORMANCE OF PATIENTS (CABG), WITHIN THE FIRST YEAR AFTER SURGERY
735
747
FA
Mohadeseh
Mozafari
PHD in psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology Alzhra University, Tehran, Iran
Roshanak
Khodabakhsh Pirklani
Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psycology Al-zahra University, Tehran, Iran. (Corresponding Author)
Background & Aims: Previous studies have provided contradictory results about attention performance after the coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). With regard to the importance and direct effects of attention strength on the quality of life, this research was designed and conducted to study the complex stroop performance of young patients who underwent CABG one year after surgery.
Materials & Methods: This causal-comparative study was conducted from February 2017 to October 2018. Two groups of individuals, 40 (CABG) male patients within the age range of 30 to 55 years old who were admitted to the ICU in Tehran Heart Center and 64 healthy menparticipated in the study. Both groups were tested with scale complex Stroop.
Results: The results showed that two groups were significantly different(p<0/01) in the power of attention test, the congruent experiment time, incongruent experiment time, congruent reaction time, and incongruent reaction time. Also the two groups were significantly different (p<0/05), in the scores of incongruent non-responses, incongruent correct number, and interference score. The results showed that patients who underwent CABG have overall poorer results for all the scales of stroop test than healthy subjects.
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, CABG can disturb cognitive functions of the prefrontal lobes in brain after one year. Hence, it is suggested to consider this issue in clinical evaluations of the patients.
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
31
10
2020
12
1
Unusual Open Inferior Glenohumeral Dislocation (Luxatio Erecta Humeri) with Illustration Neurovascular Injuries: A Case Report
748
752
EN
Hassan
Taleb
Department of Orthopedics, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran (Corresponding Author)
Ali
Tabrizi
Department of Orthopedics, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
Ahmadreza
Afshar
Department of Orthopedics, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
Luxatio erecta humeri (LEH) refers to a rare glenohumeral dislocation that may be accompanied by neurovascular injuries. Regarding the low prevalence of this type of dislocation, little knowledge is available in this field. This report presents a 40-year-old man with open dislocation in which the humerus head was exposed in the axillary site. Neurovascular injuries also occurred in the form of brachial artery involvement. Extensive tears in the inferior capsule resulted in the lockage and impossibility of closed reduction; thus open reduction was required. A severe instability existed due to the subscapularis tendon rupture and the anterior and inferior capsule. After reduction, tendon and capsule were repaired by ethibond excel nonabsorbable polyester. The patient's movement started 4 weeks after the surgery which exhibited complete stability. 4-month follow-up indicated that the radial and ulnar nerves paralysis were resolved and the normal function was retained. Regarding high neurovascular injuries in the inferior glenohumeral dislocations, a precise vascular examination is of crucial importance. Therefore, attempts for closed reduction may further increase the neurovascular complications.
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
31
10
2020
12
1
Association between Upper-extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders and Upper Cross Syndrome among Teachers, and the Effects of NASM Corrective Exercises along with Ergonomic Intervention on their Upper-extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders
753
763
EN
razieh
karimian
Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
nader
rahnama
Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran (Corresponding author)
gholamali
ghasemi
Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
shahram
lenjannejadian
Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
Background & Aims: The main objective of the current study was to evaluate the association between upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders and upper cross syndrome (UCS) among teachers as well as the effects of NASM exercises and ergonomic intervention on their upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders.
Materials & Methods: The Nordic Questionnaire was used for determining the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and the New York Test was used for determining the prevalence of UCS among 269 teachers. Among those tested, 23 participants were identified as the sample of the study, and then they were divided into an experimental group (12 participants, age 45.20 ± 8.1 years, height 178.83 ± 6.5 cm, and weight 78.3 ± 13.08 kg) and a control group (11 participants, age 44.1 ± 7.8 years, height 175.83 ± 7 cm, and weight 77.9 ± 13 kg) to go through 12 weeks of NASM exercises along with ergonomic intervention. In this study, chi-square and Wilcoxon tests were used.
Results: The prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders for neck was 53%, for shoulders was 41%, for back was 39%, and the prevalence rate of UCS was 43%. The results of the test showed a significant relationship between upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders and the UCS (p < 0.05). Moreover, the intragroup and intergroup results of the participants showed a significant decrease in musculoskeletal disorders of the neck, shoulders, and back after administering the interventions (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: The findings of the study showed that NASM exercises and ergonomic intervention (as an intervention-exercise protocol) decrease upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders among teachers.
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
31
10
2020
12
1
STIMULATION AND RECRUITMENT OF HIPPOCAMPUS NEURAL STEM CELLS AS A NOVEL AND EFFICIENT THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY IN THE TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: A REVIEW STUDY
764
791
FA
Reza
Rahbarghazi
Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Mohammad
Karimipour
Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Corresponding Author)
Background & Aims: The promotion of Alzheimer’s disease contributes to the brain cell (neuron) death and synaptic dysfunction in the hippocampus. These changes continue with the neural tissue degeneration and behavioral deficits such as learning disabilities, memory loss, and cognitive impairment which coincided with the reduction of neurogenesis. As a matter of fact, applying novel therapeutic strategies have focused on neural stem cell therapies. Due to the short-time survival rate, lack of transplantation efficiency and differentiation capacity, the use of suitable microenvironment is mandatory in order to stimulate dynamic growth of neural stem cells and regeneration rate.
Materials & Methods: In the present study, articles indexed in PubMed, ISI, and Scopus databases about the application of neural stem cells in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease were reviewed. Besides, different approaches to activate and increase the recruitment of neural stem cells via mesenchymal stem cells, growth factors, scaffolds and extracellular matrix were described in the context of neuro-regeneration.
: Several studies revealed that mesenchymal stem cells stimulated proliferation, recruitment, and neural differentiation of neural stem cells and improved synaptic plasticity by the production of neurotrophic factors, chemokine, and extracellular matrix. In addition, mesenchymal stem cells decreased the apoptosis phenomenon and increased cell viability via the secretion of anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic factors. It has been shown that the fabrication of scaffolds from natural biomaterials provides suitable and biocompatible artificial microenvironments that are comparable to the naïve brain extracellular matrix with the potential to promote cell migration and differentiation. These approaches could alleviate the neural tissue degeneration and diminish the cognitive impairment.
The stimulation of endogenous neural stem cells recruitment using mesenchymal stem cells and different cell-related products, extracellular matrix, natural and artificial materials could protect the individuals against Alzheimer’s disease and reduce the progression of neurodegeneration, and restoration of behavioral deficits.
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
31
10
2020
12
1
CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF CHITOSAN AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF DRACOCEPHALUM KOTSCHYI ON TOXOPLASMA GONDII RH STRAIN IN VITRO
792
801
FA
Sajjad
Masoumifard
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
Arash
Aminpour
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran (Corresponding Author)
Soheil
Yousefzadeh
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Mohammad
Fattahi
Associated Professor in Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Background & Aims: Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasitic infections in humans and other warm-blooded animals. One of the major problems of toxoplasmosis is its therapeutic limitation. The main treatment for this infection is the synergistic combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, though pyrimethamine is contraindicated in pregnant women owing to its teratogenicity. Considering many side effects that this parasite poses to immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women, the production of anti-Toxoplasma drugs with high efficacy and low side effects is therefore the main objective of Toxoplasma research. The goal of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of chitosan and ethanolic extract of Dracocephalum kotschyi on Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in RH strains under in vitro condition.
Materials & Methods: RH strains of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites with the concentrations of 45, 90, and 135 mg / ml of Zarrin-Giah ethanolic extract and concentrations of 150, 300, and 600 mg / ml of chitosan, as well as components of these concentrations were evaluated. They were then compared with the positive control drug (pyrimethamine) and negative control at 24, 48, and 72 hours incubation periods, separately and also by Trypan blue staining and MTT. The lethality percentage of the extract and chitosan was assessed and compared with dead tachyzoites. All stages were evaluated by triple control.
Results: Following 48-hour incubation using Trypan blue test, the concentrations of 135 mg / ml of D. kotschyi, 600 mg / ml of chitosan, and 90 extracts with 150 mg / ml of chitosan were examined. Concentrations of 500 mg / ml of control drug with lethality percentage were 50.9, 77.2, 88.3, and 95.2, and ELISA results of MTT test with ODs of 0.098, 0.087 0.064, and 0.048 showed acceptable results. After 72 hours, more than 80% of toxoplasma tachyzoites were destroyed.
Conclusion: Our findings revealed that chitosan extract, especially its combination with D. kotschyi extract, showed more promising results relative to the positive control drug, pyrimethamine, and the negative control. Moreover, the cytotoxic effects were maximum when these two drugs were used simultaneously.
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
31
10
2020
12
1
MIXTURE AND NON-MIXTURE CURED MODELS IN SURVIVAL ANALYSIS OF LEUKEMIA PATIENTS: A COHORT STUDY
802
812
FA
ali
MohammadSharifi
Master Student of Statistics, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Ebrahim
Hajizadeh
Professor of Statistics, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. (Corresponding Author)
AhmadReza
baghestani
Physiotherapy Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abbas
Haji Fathali
Professor, Department of Hematology, Stem Cell and Hematopoietic Research Center, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Background & Aims: The present study analyzed the factors affecting the survival time of patients with leukemia from diagnosis to death, taking into account the cure rate. The aim of the present study was to apply two models of mixed and unmixed healing in the data of patients with leukemia who received bone marrow transplantation.
Materials & Methods: In this descriptive-analytical (Cohort) research, the data of 351 patients who were referred to Taleghani Hospital in Tehran affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and received bone marrow transplantation due to leukemia were examined. Patients received bone marrow transplantation between 2007 and 2014 and were followed up until 2016. In this study, the cured models of Bernoulli-Weibull blended (taking into account the Bernoulli distribution for latent variables and the Weibull distribution for survival time) and the Poisson -Weibull blended cured model (considering the Poisson distribution for latent time variables for hiding and distribution and distribution for survival time) were fitted to the data.
Results: In this study, 351 patients, 197 males (56.1%) and 154 females (43.9%), were studied in which 67 patients (19.1%) died. Among the significant variables of recurrence after transplantation, recurrence before transplantation, hemoglobin, type of transplant, age, body mass, blood type and type of diagnosis, variables age (p=0.01), recurrence after transplantation (0.03) and type of transplant (p=0.03) are among the variables affecting the survival time of leukemia patients. In the mixture cured model of Bernoulli-Weibull and the variables of age (p=0.004), recurrence after transplantation (p=0.013) and type of diagnosis (p<0.008) were variables affecting the survival time of leukemia patients in the non-mixture cured model Poisson -Weibull.
Conclusion: Patients with autologous bone marrow transplantation under the age of 30 have a better chance of survival, and also the non-mixture cured model has a better outcome than the mixture cured model.