@article{ author = {Omomi, Monireh and Taghian, Farzaneh and Sharifi, Gholam-Rez}, title = {THE EFFECT OF SIX WEEKS OF AEROBIC EXERCISE TRAINING ALONE AND ALONG WITH CONSUMPTION OF GINGER EXTRACT ENCAPSULATED IN CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES ON CHANGES IN HEART TISSUE MORPHOLOGY AND EXPRESSION LEVEL OF MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE (MAPK) GENE IN RATS WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Exercise can also be effective in rehabilitating myocardial infarction by strengthening myocardial muscle tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise alone, and along with the consumption of chitosan encapsulated ginger extract on the histopathological characteristics of cardiac tissue and the level of MAPK expression in rats with myocardial infarction. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 25 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 5): myocardial infarction (Model), myocardial infarction + nanoparticle capsule extract + exercise, myocardial infarction + nanoparticle encapsulated extract, myocardial infarction + nanoparticle, myocardial infarction + exercise. Myocardial infarction was induced by subcutaneous injection. The main training program was for six weeks; thus, in the first week, the speed started at 10 meters per minute, and the time was 10 minutes, and by the sixth week, the speed reached 15 meters per minute, and the time reached 60 minutes. Ginger extract encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles was gavaged at 500 mg/kg for six weeks. Finally, rats were anesthetized, and heart tissue was collected for MAPK gene expression using Real-Time PCR and histopathological studies (hematoxylin and eosin staining). Results: The rat model of myocardial infarction in the groups trained and treated with the extract encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles showed a significant decrease in MAPK gene expression compared to the model group (p<0.05). The chitosan encapsulated ginger extract, either alone or with continuous exercise, caused the heart tissue's cohesive muscle fibers to be placed next to each other or significantly reduced the amount of bleeding and infiltration of inflammatory cells compared to the model group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Six weeks of aerobic exercise and consumption of encapsulated ginger extract in nanoparticles can reduce isopropanol-induced heart tissue damage by improving cardiac homeostasis and reducing MAPK.}, Keywords = {Chitosan, myocardial infarction, ginger, heart}, volume = {32}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-13}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5318-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5318-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Khorramnia, Saeed and Amini, Samira and Aliniaghara, Elham and Koohestani, Samira and Khorramnia, Samir}, title = {ESTIMATING THE PREVALENCE OF NOSOCOMIAL BACTERIAL INFECTIONS IN NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNITS IN IRANIAN HOSPITALS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Bacterial infections in hospitals are one of the most common causes of death in neonates admitted to the intensive care units. In order to control and prevent these infections in neonates admitted to intensive care unit, it is not possible to know the prevalence of these infections. The purpose of this systematic review and meta–analysis was to estimate the prevalence of bacterial infections in neonatal intensive care units. Materials & Methods: A systematic review of the literature for related articles was conducted in SID, Mag Iran, PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, and Google Scholar databases up to November 2019. The articles were limited to the English and Persian languages. In order to increase the sensitivity of the search, the reference lists of studies that entered the final phase was manually scanned. The quality of the studies was evaluated with the STROBE. Meta-analysis of data was performed using CMA version 2 software. Results: 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Since the studies were not homogeneous enough, the random-effects modeling method was used. The meta-analysis findings showed that the prevalence of bacterial infections in the neonatal intensive care unit was 10.3% C.I = (0.078,0.135). Conclusion: The meta-analysis results showed that the prevalence of nosocomial bacterial infections in neonatal intensive care units is 10%.}, Keywords = {Nosocomial Infection, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Iran}, volume = {32}, Number = {1}, pages = {14-22}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5091-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5091-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Bazdar, Mahtab and JavandoustGharehbagh, Farid and TaghizadehAfshari, تقی زاده افشاری and KhademAnsari, Mohammad Hasan and Nouroozzadeh, Jaffar}, title = {EVALUATION OF BETA2-MICROGLOBULIN AS AN INDICATOR OF EARLY GRAFT DYSFUNCTION IN KIDNEY RECIPIENTS FROM LIVING DONORS}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Early detection of allograft dysfunction is important for the evaluation of postoperative outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trend of changes in serum Creatinine (sCr) and Beta2-microglobulin (B2M) in kidney recipients (KRs) from living donors. Materials & Methods: Blood samples were collected from KRs (n=39) at eight checkpoints starting at the day before transplantation. Based on serum creatinine (sCr; mg / dl) on the fifth day after transplantation (i.e. <1.70 or > 1.70), the KRs were classified into Good Early Graft Function (GEGF) and Poor Early Graft Function (PEGF) groups.  Demographic and clinical indicators of the recipients were extracted from hospital database. The sCr was measured by Jaffe's and serum sB2M was measured by ELISA methods. The statistical population was described using the median index. The difference between the two groups was evaluated with a significance level of 0.05 and the Independent T-test and relevant graphs were drawn with Excel 2016. Results: The distribution of GEGF and PEGF was 66.7% and 33.3%, respectively. In the GEGF, the sCr levels gradually decreased reaching a nadir at 36 hours after the surgery. In the PEGE, the slope for sCr elimination was slower than that of the GEGF patients.  In the case of sB2M, the trend for GEGF patients reached a nadir at 72 hours after the surgery. For the PEGF group, no changes were recorded for B2M during the follow-up. Conclusion: The present study is the first to explore the diagnostic value of serum B2M in KRs from living donors. This pilot study shows that B2M is capable of identifying KRs at high risk for reduced renal function. Further studies are required to evaluate the diagnostic performance of as biomarker of allograft dysfunction.}, Keywords = {Serum Beta2-microglobulin, Creatinine, Kidney transplantation, Good Early Graft Function, Poor Early Graft Function}, volume = {32}, Number = {1}, pages = {23-31}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5245-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5245-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Ghaffari, Maryam and Karimi, Zahra and Dehghan, Parvin and Khalilzadeh, Balal and EzzatiNazhadDolatabadi, Jafar}, title = {CYTOTOXICITY AND APOPTOSIS EFFECTS OF CURCUMIN AND THYMOQUINONE ON HUVEC CELLS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Curcumin and thymoquinone are common herbal medicines with low side effects and potent antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer activity. This investigation aimed to evaluate toxicity of curcumin and thymoquinone on HUVECS cell lines via MTT and flow cytometry assays. Materials & Methods: HUVEC cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium under standard culture conditions (5% CO2 and 95% humidified air at 37°C). Curcumin and thymoquinone were used at concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 μM and incubated for 24 and 48 hours, then cell viability was assessed using MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry via Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide kit. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and p <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The results of this study showed that IC50 for curcumin and thymoquinone was 35μM and 105 μM at 24 h, and 32 μM and 90 μM at 48 h, respectively (p>0.999). Apoptosis rates for curcumin and thymoquinone were 40% and 30%, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, we observed that cell viability depended on the concentration of curcumin and thymoquinone. Both compounds induced apoptosis and also the cell viability of HUVEC upon treatment with thymoquinone is more than that of curcumin.}, Keywords = {Curcumin, Thymoquinone, Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis, HUVEC Cell Line}, volume = {32}, Number = {1}, pages = {32-39}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-4942-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-4942-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {farshid, saman and rezvankhah, Vahid and Sadri, Mohammad and Tayyebiazar, Ali}, title = {EVALUATION OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF KIDNEY STONES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH BLEEDING RATE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a gold standard for renal stones with a diameter of more than 2 cm. One of the complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy is intraoperative bleeding. This study was performed on the characteristics of kidney stones and their relationship with bleeding. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive study, 90 patients underwent percutaneous lithotomy. Inclusion criteria were age between 18 and 80 years, ASA class Results: In this study, the mean age of patients was 45.21±11.69 years (age range: 16 to 76 years). Regarding weight, the mean weight was 76.72±14.76 kg (weight range: 47 to 111 kg). The mean density was 647.55±285.41, the mean stone size was 26.20±21.06, the mean SSD was 81.24±27.96, the mean radiation reception time was 77.85±46.99, the mean KV was 92.50±15.20, and the mean mA was 37.37±1.18. The patients in this study had a mean history of 2.52 times ESWL with a mean of 1.81 stones. The mean access time was 31.20±15.66. The most commonplace of access was inferior calyces (74.4% of cases). The correlation between the differences in hemoglobin levels before and after surgery with the characteristics of the stone showed that the stone diameter demonstrated a significant relationship with the difference in hemoglobin levels. The time of surgery has a positive (r = 0.321) and significant correlation (p = 0.046) with hemoglobin difference before and after surgery. In Pearson correlation test, stone size (r = 0.131, p = 0.020), stone density (r = 0.101, p = 0.018), and access time to kidney (r = 0.329, p= 0.002) had a significant relationship with the duration of surgery. Conclusion:  This study showed that only the diameter of the stone is correlated with the difference between hemoglobin levels before and after surgery. As the time of surgery increases, the difference in hemoglobin before and after surgery increases, leading to more bleeding. High stone density and stone size are effective factors in hemoglobin drop.}, Keywords = {Kidney stone, Hemoglobin, PCNL}, volume = {32}, Number = {1}, pages = {40-46}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5356-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5356-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Barghamadi, Mohsen and Naderpour, Masoumeh and Fatollahi, Amir}, title = {THE EFFECT OF SHOE WEIGHT ON GROUND REACTION FORCES IN INDIVIDUALS WITH AN ACL INJURY DURING DROP LANDING}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Anterior cruciate ligament accounts for 80% of all knee ligament surgeries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of shoe weight on ground reaction forces in individuals with an ACL injury during drop landing. Materials & Methods: The present study was semi-experimental and laboratory. Statistical samples included 10 men with an ACL injury and 10 healthy men who volunteered to participate in this study. Reaction force data during a single drop landing were collected from a step with a height of 30 cm by Bertec force plate device. Both groups used shoes under four conditions: 1. Shoe weight, 2. Shoe weight and increase of 100 grams, 3. Shoe weight and increase of 200 grams and 4. Shoe weight and increase of 300 grams. Five correct attempts were recorded with different shoe weights. A two-way analysis of variance test was used for statistical comparison. Results: Based on the findings of this study, there was a significant difference in the peak of internal-external force (p = 0.008; d = 1.420), anterior-posterior impulse (p = 0.011; d = 1.328), Vertical impulse (p = 0.024; d = 1.164), and positive free moment (p = 0.057; d = 0.492) between the healthy group and ACL injury during single drop landing. Also, there was a significant difference in the peak of anterior-posterior force (p = 0.002; d = 1.136), time to the peak of internal-external power (p = 0.005; d = 1.034), the time to peak vertical force (p = 0.011; d = 0.950), and vertical loading rate (p = 0.062; d = 0.759) in single drop landing. Conclusion: Overall, increasing the weight of shoes in healthy people and the ACL group increases the pressure on the joint and the injury. The use of lightweight shoes is recommended as a minimum of prevention to reduce ACL injury.}, Keywords = {Shoe weight, ACL injury, ground reaction force, land}, volume = {32}, Number = {1}, pages = {47-57}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5069-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5069-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {afraseyabi, SOMAYE and soleimani, esmaeil and zeinali, shiri}, title = {THE COMPARISON OF LONELINESS, SELF-DIFFERENTIATION AND NEUROTICISM IN INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITHOUT ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT}, abstract ={Background & Aims: The body and concerns about it are one of the most important concerns in the lives of individuals, especially young people. The purpose of this study was to compare feelings of loneliness, self-differentiation, and neurotic symptoms in individuals with and without orthodontic treatment. Materials & Methods: The method of this study is causal-comparative in a cross-sectional type. The statistical population of this study included all referrals who were referred to dental centers of Ahvaz from January to March of 2019. The statistical sample of this study consisted of 80 individuals (two groups of 40 persons) from the statistical population who were selected by available single-stage cluster random sampling and their age range was 19 to 40 years. Data were collected using Di Tomasso's Loneliness Questionnaire, Brennan & Bast, Shortened Self-Differentiation Questionnaire, and Neo-PI-R Revised Short Symptom Inventory. Results: Findings of multivariate analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between individuals with and without orthodontic demand in loneliness (F=9/6, p<0/001) and its components, differentiation (F=8/9, p<0/001) and its components, and symptoms of neuroticism (F=9/1, p<0/001); but there was no significant difference in social loneliness (F=2/1, p<0/1) and emotional cut-off (F=1/08, p<0/3) between individuals with and without orthodontic demand. Conclusion: It is recommended that by screening and identifying orthodontic clients, people who are mentally challenged and physically in need are identified as being in need of orthodontic treatment and that they can receive psychological supervision and treatment.}, Keywords = {Loneliness, self-differentiation, neurotic symptoms}, volume = {32}, Number = {1}, pages = {58-66}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5225-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5225-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Majidpourkhoei, Reza and Alilou, Mehdi and Majidzadeh, Kambiz and BabazadehSangar, Ami}, title = {INTRODUCING AN INTELLIGENT FRAMEWORK FOR DETECTION OF SUSPECTED LUNG NODULES}, abstract ={Background & Aims: One of the symptoms of lung cancer, which is one of the deadliest cancers, is the lung nodules. It is very difficult to detect these tiny nodules on CT scans of the lungs with the naked eye. Therefore, intelligent systems or computer-aided detection (CAD) systems can assist a radiologist in detecting, locating, and evaluating the quality of lung nodules. The most important challenge of existing intelligent systems is the balanced improvement of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and reduction of false positive rate (FPr), and also the complexity of these systems has reduced the efficiency and speed of execution. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide an agile framework and optimize the challenge. Materials & Methods: One of the new subfields of artificial intelligence is the deep learning and orientation of CNN networks, which has been widely used in the analysis of medical images in recent years. In this research, an innovative network based on CNN networks of LeNet type is proposed to extract image features as well as image classification. The used dataset is a subset of 7072 image pieces derived from the LIDC-IDRI standard dataset. The size of nodules of these images, which are used to train and validate the network, are 1 to 4 mm. Results: The training and validation processes of this network were performed with a computer device (configurations 2.4GHz Core i5 processor, 8GB of memory, and Intel Graphics 520) in five hours and eleven minutes and the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity are 91.1%, 85.3% and 92.8%, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the standard basis of the proposed model and also the use of valid database images to measure the network and compare with previous works, the results establish a good balance between evaluation criteria, and with faster implementation gain the necessary capability for real time applications.}, Keywords = {Computer aided detection systems, Medical image processing, Lung nodules, Artificial Neural Networks, Deep learning}, volume = {32}, Number = {1}, pages = {67-81}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5385-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5385-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {aghaziarati, ali and nejati, vahid and borhani, khatere}, title = {THE EFFECT OF POSTERIOR CEREBRAL PULMONARY DIRECT ELECTRICAL STIMULATION (TDCS) ON IMPROVING SPATIAL, VISUAL, AND VERBAL PERCEPTUAL ABILITIES}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Direct electrical stimulation of the brain is a therapeutic technique that can be effective in improving visual, verbal, and spatial perception. The present study investigated the effect of direct electrical stimulation (tDCS) of the posterior parietal cortex on improving spatial, visual, and verbal perceptual abilities. Materials & Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, the statistical population of the study consisted of all students of Shahid Beheshti University who were studying in the academic year 2017-18. Among them, 30 subjects were selected by purposive non-random sampling and received direct intervention of posterior parietal cortex. Mental rotation test and Parsi abstract reasoning test were used to measure spatial-visual perception and verbal perception. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods including one-factor analysis of variance with emphasis on study within the subjects. Results: The results showed that tDCS of the posterior parietal cortex improves spatial, visual (P <0.01) (F = 19.61) and verbal (P <0.01) (F = 73.91) perceptual abilities. Conclusion: It is suggested that the results of this study be used in effectiveness and educational programs.}, Keywords = {Spatial perception, Direct electrical stimulation, Posterior parietal cortex}, volume = {32}, Number = {2}, pages = {82-91}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5263-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5263-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Azhari, Bahman and Noorbakhsh, Fatemeh and Eidi, Maryam}, title = {FREQUENCY OF CARBAPENEMASE AND METALLO-BETA-LACTAMASE RESISTANCE AND OXA- 48, OXA-23, AND NDM GENES IN CLINICAL ISOLATES OF ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNI IN 2017}, abstract ={Background & Aims: One of the most important problems in treatment centers is the infectious diseases caused by antibiotic resistant Acinetobacter Bumanni. This study aimed to isolate and identify carbapenemase and metallo-beta-lactamase producing strains using phenotypic and molecular methods. Materials & Methods: In this study 79 strains of Acinetobacter Bumanni were isolated from patients hospitalized in Tehran Heart Hospital and identified by biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was performed by disc diffusion method. Phenotypic methods such as combined disk test (CDT), double disk synergy test (DDST), and Modified Hodge test (MHT) were performed to identify carbapenemase and metallo-beta-lactamase activity. PCR was performed using specific primers for OXA- 48, OXA-23, and NDM genes. Results: In this study, the highest resistance in A. baumanii was observed to imipenem and ertapenem by disk diffusion method. By CDT, 96.2% of isolates showed carbapenemase activity and 94.93% showed metallo-beta-lactamase activity in presence of imipenem. Also, by DDST, 86.07% and 91.13% of isolates showed Carbapenemase and metallo-beta-lactamase activity, respectively, and 91.14% of isolates were positive by MHT. The molecular method showed that OXA-48 gene was in 100% of isolates and OXA-23 gene was in 98.73% of isolates and NDM gene did not exist in isolates. Conclusion: Based on the results, CDT has high susceptibility in other phenotypic methods for identifying carbapenemase and metallo-beta-lactamase activity. Frequency of OXA-48 and OXA-23 genes revealed antibiotic resistance in A. baumanii isolates.}, Keywords = {Acinetobacter baumanii, Carbapenemas, Metallo-beta-lactamase, combined disk test (CDT), double disc synergy test (DDST), Modified Hodge test (MHT)}, volume = {32}, Number = {2}, pages = {92-104}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5188-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5188-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Khatami, Mohammad and hajiseyedjavadi, alireza and esmaeeli, nazani}, title = {ADHERENCE TO MEDICATION IN PATIENTS WITH BIPOLAR 1 DISORDER VISITING PSYCHIATRIC CENTERS AFFILIATED WITH QAZVIN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN 2017}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Bipolar disorder or manic depression is a psychiatric disease of the mood disorder type. The estimated prevalence of bipolar 1 disorder is ~1% in a person’s lifetime. Failure to adhere to medications is a concern for psychiatrists. The present study aimed to examine adherence to medication in patients with bipolar 1 disorder visiting psychiatric centers affiliated with Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2017. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Qazvin, Iran, in 2017. The sample comprised of 80 patients with bipolar 1 disorder in whom the diagnosis was made by psychiatrists based on DSM-5 classification. Participants were selected via convenience sampling and based on inclusion criteria. After collecting demographic and clinical information, the patients were evaluated using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale and the Young Mania Rating Scale. All data were analyzed in SPSS 21. Results: Qualitative data resulting from the evaluations were reported as frequency and percentage, while quantitative data were expressed in mean and standard deviation. The frequency of qualitative variables was compared across groups using the chi-squared test, and the quantitative variables were compared using the t-test at p<0.05. Conclusion: Considering the necessity and importance of drug treatment in the treatment of this disorder, which was mentioned from different approaches, the aim of this study was to determine drug adherence in patients with bipolar I disorder and the factors affecting it. In the present study, adherence to medication was not significantly related to sex, age, level of education, occupation, number of hospitalizations, and type and side-effects of medications. However, it negatively correlated with the number of visits to the emergency department, i.e. As the adherence to medication decreased, the number of visits to the emergency department increased.}, Keywords = {Bipolar 1 disorder, adherence to medication, clinical and demographic information}, volume = {32}, Number = {2}, pages = {105-115}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5276-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5276-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Nabilpour, Maghsoud and Sadeghi, Abbas and Seifi, Farnaz}, title = {THE EFFECT OF TWO MONTHS OF CHIA SUPPLEMENTATION ON INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES IN WISTAR DIABETIC MALE RATS}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Increased inflammation is a consequence of diabetes. Accordingly, the use of herbal medicine as a solution has been suggested. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two months of chia supplementation in conjunction with inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses in male Wistar diabetic rats. Materials & Methods: 36 diabetic rats were randomly assigned to 3 equal groups (control group, diabetes group, diabetes + chia group) and were subjected to 8 weeks of supplementation. Interleukin-1 and interleukin-13 were measured in soleus muscle tissue to examine the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory indicators. ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were used for data analysis. Results: Although chia supplementation had aggravating effects on IL-1ß compared with the diabetic group, this effect was not statistically significant (p = 0.99). Also, IL-13 protein expression increased significantly in the diabetic control group by about 51% (p = 0.001), and in the diabetic group with chia supplementation by about 50% (p= 0.001) compared to the healthy control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: It seems that two months of chia supplementation with this dose and period of consumption could not have a positive effect on anti-inflammatory factors in male diabetic rats. Confirmation of this finding requires further research in this area.}, Keywords = {Interleukin-1 beta, Interleukin-13, Herbal Supplements, Inflammation, Anti-Inflammatory Agents}, volume = {32}, Number = {2}, pages = {116-123}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5111-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5111-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Ghavimi, Mohammad Ali and Ghoreishizadeh, Arezou and Delirakbari, Zahra and SadeghiHassanabadi, Mehdi and Negahdari, Rami}, title = {CLINICAL STUDY OF THE AMOUNT OF PAIN, EDEMA, AND MAXIMUM MOUTH OPENING BEFORE AND AFTER THE BROKEN ZYGOMATIC ARCH REDUCTION BY NEW METHOD OF USING FIFTY MM NEEDLE WITHOUT SURGERY CUT}, abstract ={Background & Aims: The zygomatic arch is the most prominent portion of the face and is commonly injured during facial trauma. It articulates with the frontal bone, temporal bone, maxilla, and sphenoid bone, and serves as the main bridge amongst these bones. Isolated arch fractures comprise 10% of all zygomatic fractures and 5% of all facial bone fractures. Treatment of zygomatic arch fractures varies from observation to open reduction. The Gilles temporal approach is a commonly used surgical technique for the reduction of zygomatic arch fractures. However, this surgical approach is associated with a facial scar in the hairline and risks of facial nerve palsy. In this research, we performed a new method using a fifty millimeter needle without surgery cut for replacement of broken zygomatic arch and evaluated the amount of pain, edema, maximum mouth opening, and ecchymosis before and after the surgery. Materials & Methods: CT scans were taken of all the patients with isolated zygomatic arch fracture who were referred to Imam Reza Medical Center and department of maxillofacial surgery during 2019-20. The 50 mm needle was used for reduction with the new method. Results: This study was performed on 7 patients with isolated fractures of zygomatic bone. The mean age of patients was 33.85. 5.87 years. Significant reduction in pain was reported during 7 days after surgery, but the rate of edema (p = 0.539) and the amount of mouth opening after surgery did not show a significant difference. Conclusion: In reviewing the above studies and comparing them with the present study, it was observed that in simple fractures, the surgical method of the present study was a very useful and uncomplicated method in patients. Despite open reduction methods, these methods have a lower scar rate, the duration of surgery is reduced, and this can lead to faster recovery of the patient.}, Keywords = {Zygoma, fracture, closed reduction}, volume = {32}, Number = {2}, pages = {124-133}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5393-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5393-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Irani, Mahjobe and HomayouniTabrizi, Masoud and Ardalan, Tour}, title = {EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF NANOEMULSIONS SYNTHESIZED BY ARTEMISIA AUCHERI BOISS ESSENTIAL OIL}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Due to the threat to human health with diseases related to oxidative stress and infectious diseases, today the use of natural compounds and changes in them to improve their effectiveness has received much attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of nanoemulsions prepared from Artemisia aucheri Boiss essential oil (AABEO-NE). Materials & Methods: The AABEO-NE was synthesized by ultrasound method and formulated with 9 ml of Tween 80, 1 ml of polyethylene glycol, 3 ml of Artemisia essential oil, and 87 ml of distilled water. The antioxidant activities of nanoemulsions were investigated using various biochemical methods such as DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). Then, the antibacterial activity of nanoemulsion was evaluated by the disk diffusion (DD) method. Results: The data obtained from this study showed that nanoemulsions synthesized by Artemisia essential oil have a high potential for inhibiting DPPH radicals (IC50 = 80μg / ml) and ABTS (IC50 = 79μg / ml). The existence of a growth inhibition zone (10mm) in the sample treated with AABEO-NE confirmed the antibacterial effects of AABEO-NE Conclusion: According to the results, AABEO-NE can be used as a safe, natural, and effective antibiotic for bacterial infections caused by S. aureus and also, this formulation can be used due to its high antioxidant effects in the treatment of diseases related to oxidative stress.  }, Keywords = {Nanoemulsion, Artemisia essential oil, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial}, volume = {32}, Number = {2}, pages = {134-143}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5322-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5322-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Javanmard, Farzaneh and Sadeghpour, Sonia and Banihashemi, Zohre}, title = {Heterotopic Mesenteric Ossification, Co-incidentally found with a Ruptured Tubo-ovarian Abscess: A Case Report}, abstract ={Heterotopic mesenteric ossification is a rare bone-like lesion located inside the abdominal cavity. Its etiology is unclear but most of the patients had a history of abdominal trauma or surgical operation. In this study, we present the case of a 29-year old woman admitted with acute abdominal pain and fever that underwent emergency laparotomy. She had a history of recurrent pelvic inflammatory disease and surgical appendectomy. During a laparotomy, a massive left tubo-ovarian abscess was seen and drained out. There was also a hard mass-like lesion measuring 2×1cm attached to the mesentery that was excised and sent for pathologic evaluation. The patient was discharged in good general condition. Microscopic evaluation of the mass in hematoxylin and eosin stained section revealed a structure consisting of bony trabeculae and fibroblastic proliferation. This case represents a rare simultaneous occurrence of mesenteric ossification with a ruptured tubo-ovarian abscess that due to a history of recurrent inflammatory disease introduce inflammatory prosess as a possible cause of heterotopic mesenteric ossification.}, Keywords = {Mesenteric, Ossification, Tubo-ovarian, abscess}, volume = {32}, Number = {2}, pages = {144-148}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5261-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5261-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Abbasi, Ezatolah and Ghazavi, Ahad and Nasimfar, Amir and Mokhtari, Mi}, title = {Evaluation of the Cerebrospinal Fluid Results Analysis and Culture in Infants under 18 Months with Simple Febrile Convulsion, Urmia Motahari Hospital, Iran, 2011 until 2016: A Retrospective Study}, abstract ={Background & Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the cerebrospinal fluid results analysis and culture in infants under 18 months with the diagnosis of simple febrile convulsion in Urmia Motahari hospital. Materials & Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the results of lumbar puncture in 223 infants under the age of 18 months with simple febrile seizures from 2011 to 2016. Patients’ information such as age and sex and the results of analysis and culture of cerebrospinal fluid culture were extracted from patients' records. Results: Of 223 infants, 109 (48.8%) were male and 114 infants (51.2%) were female, with an average age of 9 months (age range between 5 to 15 months). Thirty-one of them (13.9%) had abnormal WBC (greater than 5/ mm3) and 192 (86.1%) had normal WBC (less than 5/ mm3). Twenty-four infants (10.8%) had an abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (protein more than 45 mg/dl) and 199 infants (89.2%) had normal cerebrospinal fluid (protein less than 45 mg/dl), 24 infants (10.8%) had abnormal CSF glucose level (less than 50 mg/dl) and 199 infants (89.2%) had normal CSF glucose level (more than 50 mg/dl). In 220 infants (99%), cerebrospinal fluid culture was negative and in 3 infants (1%), it was reported as unresponsive. Four out of 55 medical records (1.79%) were treated as bacterial meningitis and 5 (2.24%) of them were treated as aseptic meningitis. Conclusion: Findings suggested that the patients under one year with febrile seizures should be carefully examined, regarding decision about conducting lumbar puncture (LP) for them.}, Keywords = {Fever, Convulsion, Lumbar Puncture, Central nervous system infection}, volume = {32}, Number = {2}, pages = {149-155}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5424-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5424-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {BakhshiMofradKashani, Ashraf and AsalaniMehr, Masoumeh and AbediElkhichi, Paris}, title = {CHALLENGES OF LABORATORY SAMPLING AND DIAGNOSIS OF SARS-COV-2 VIRUS OF DISEASE (COVID-19)}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Given the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide, it is essential to identify people infected with the virus and determine its different types to control the global outbreak of COVID-19. The results of the studies are controversial, so this study examines these diagnostic challenges, including the types of diagnostic methods, the type and time of sampling, and even the clinical condition of the disease. Materials & Methods: In this systematic review, studies conducted from 2003 to May 2020 in English on the challenges of laboratory sampling and diagnostics of coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 virus were reviewed. These articles were obtained by searching for keywords in databases, PubMed, Scopus and Embace as well as Google scholar search engine and duplicate articles were removed from the study. Results: In the initial search, 98 articles were extracted that after eliminating duplicates and evaluating the title and abstract, finally 64 articles had the necessary conditions for review and were included in the study. The results of the studies showed that, although RT-PCR is the gold standard for the diagnosis of Covid-19 disease, but it requires a sufficient concentration of viral RNA in the patient sample for proper evaluation of the sample. Since the concentration of viral RNA in the patient sample is not constant, this can affect the results obtained. Although the best sample to detect the virus in the first days is the nasopharyngeal swab and in the following days, samples taken from the lower respiratory tract, but also numerous samples such as throat swabs and feces can also be used for identification. However, the percentage of viral RNA isolation in these samples is significantly reduced. Conclusion: Due to the global prevalence of Covid-19 disease, early diagnosis of patients, quarantine and timely treatment are of great importance in controlling the epidemic. The use of correct diagnostic tests allows physicians to perform immediate interventions for patients. Although molecular diagnosis is the best method, studies show that it is better not to be satisfied with the results of an experiment and to use a combination of different methods and tests to solve diagnostic challenges.}, Keywords = {Laboratory Diagnosis, Sampling, NAAT, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2}, volume = {32}, Number = {3}, pages = {156-174}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5310-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5310-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Soltani, Leila and Darbemamieh, Maryam and Mohebi, Zahra and Moarrefzadeh, Nahi}, title = {COMPARISON OF ANTI-CANCER EFFECTS OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM AND UTRICA DIOICA ON BREAST CANCER CELLS (MCF-7) AND NORMAL CELLS (HUVEC)}, abstract ={Background & Aims: One of the leading causes of death in the world is cancer. In order to find cures with fewer side effects and on the other hand drug resistance problems that exist in relation to the treatment of cancer patients, attention to plant-derived products has greatly increased. The aim of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of hydro-alcoholic extracts of nettle and clove on cancer and normal cells. Materials & Methods: Hydro-alcoholic extracts of nettle and clove were prepared in different concentrations (25, 100, 400, and 1200 μg / ml) then added to culture medium of breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and normal cells (Huvec) and incubated for 24 or 72 h. At the end of incubation, cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay and apoptosis by acridine orange-ethidium-bromide dual staining. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software and Duncan's multiple comparisons. Results: The addition of hydroalcoholic extracts of both nettle and clove at the highest used concentration (1200 μg/ml) after 24 and 72 hreduced cell proliferation significantly compared to other treatment and control groups (p<0.05). The addition of the highest concentration of both hydro-alcoholic extracts of clove and nettle to normal cells reduced cell proliferation significantly compared to other treatment groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the hydro-alcoholic extracts of nettle and clove inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells (MCF-7).}, Keywords = {breast cancer cells (MCF-7), clove, hydroalcoholic extract, nettle}, volume = {32}, Number = {3}, pages = {175-186}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5419-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5419-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {JoudiShahabad, Shayesteh and Soltanzade, Hossien and Ghojaie, Manochehr and HosseinpourShordarag, Fatemeh}, title = {INVESTIGATION OF C49620T POLYMORPHISM IN ABCC8 GENE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES IN THE EAST AZERBAIJAN}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that threatens public health. The disease is on the rise with high complications worldwide. The C49620T variant of the ABCC8 gene is the most common polymorphism associated with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of C49620T polymorphisms of ABCC8 gene with type 2 diabetes in the East Azerbaijan population. Materials & Methods: A total of 100 blood samples was collected from patients with diabetes and 100 blood samples were also collected from healthy individuals. After DNA extraction from all samples and electrophoresis, the samples were subjected to specific primers, PCR, and electrophoresis. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP method. Finally, PCR products of Pst1 restriction enzyme were treated and electrophoresed again and target polymorphism was observed. Results:  The results showed that the frequency distribution of TT, CC, and CT genotypes in the patient and healthy groups was 26, 52, 22% and 53, 17 and 30%, respectively. The statistical comparison of the frequency of CT genotype between healthy and diabetic individuals was not significant (p> 0.05), but there was a significant difference between the frequency of TT and CC in healthy and diabetic individuals (p <0.05). It is noteworthy that the percentage of T allele was 37% and 68% in healthy and diabetic individuals and 63% and 32% in healthy and diabetic individuals, respectively. Conclusion: The comparisons in this study indicate that there may be a relationship between C49620T polymorphism in the intron of ABCC8 gene and diabetes mellitus. Therefore, more extensive studies can lead to more accurate results and examine the susceptibility to diabetes in different populations.}, Keywords = {C49620T polymorphism, ABCC8 gene, Diabetes}, volume = {32}, Number = {3}, pages = {187-195}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5173-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5173-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {BashiriNejadian, Atefeh and Bayazi, Mohamma hosein and Joharifard, Reza and Rajaei, Alirez}, title = {RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AMBIVALENCE OVER EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION AND DEPRESSION WITH ADHERENCE TREATMENT IN CANCER PATIENTS}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Today, cancer is one of the main causes of death in the world. Moreover, one of the top three causes of death in developed countries and Iran is cancer. Various studies have identified a number of psychological factors that affect individuals' reactions to physical symptoms of the disease and adherence to treatment in patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ambivalence over emotional expression and depression with adherence treatment in cancer patients. Materials & Methods: Based on the purpose, the present study is a basic study and based on the method, it is a correlational study. For this purpose, 206 subjects (women and men) with cancer referred to Dezful medical centers were selected by convenience sampling, and they completed Ambivalence over Emotional Expression Questionnaire (AEQ), and Zung Depression Scale, and General Adherence Scale. Statistical analyses were conducted by SPSS26 software and correlation coefficient and stepwise regression. Results: The results showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between ambivalence over emotional expression with adherence treatment (r=-0.184), and depression with adherence treatment (r=-0.320)(p<0.01). Also, the depression variable predicts a total of 10% of adherence treatment in cancer patients (R2= 0.102). Conclusion: The results showed that the variable of depression is one of the predictors of treatment in cancer patients. Given the importance of adherence to treatment in patients with chronic disease, it is necessary to identify the factors that impede adherence to treatment in determining which patients are at risk of non-adherence.}, Keywords = {Ambivalence over Emotional Expression, Depression, Adherence Treatment, Cancer}, volume = {32}, Number = {3}, pages = {196-205}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5418-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5418-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Taleb, Hassan and MirzaToloei, Fardin and Tabrizi, Ali and Jabbari, Amir}, title = {Anthropometric Measurements of Patella and Distal Femur among Iranian Osteoarthritis Patients during Total Knee Arthroplasty}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an effective treatment for pain relief and functional recovery in patients suffering from severe osteoarthritis. Despite advances in TKA, patients are not yet comfortable with results. Prosthesis design plays a major role in TKA outcome. Most TKA prostheses are designed based on the anthropometric features of the Caucasian population. Studies have identified ethnic differences in the anatomy of the distal femur and patella. We aimed to measure anthropometric features of patella and distal femur intraoperatively. Materials & Methods: Femoral mediolateral (ML) width, femoral medial and lateral condyle anteroposterior height (mAP and lAP), patellar height, patellar width and patellar maximum thickness were measured intraoperatively in 47 Iranian patients. The femoral aspect ratio (ML/lAP×100) was also calculated. Results: In women, the mean (SD) patellar height, width and thickness were 34.19 (3.33) mm, 42.92 (3.93) mm, 22.75 (2.00) mm, respectively. The mean (SD) ML, mAP, Lap, and aspect ratio were 78.07 (5.97) mm, 60.75 (4.37) mm, 62.09 (4.02) mm, 125.58 (10.43) percent, subsequently. On average, the lateral condyle was larger than the medial in women. We also found that mAP correlated with lAP strongly. Conclusions: We have presented accurate and reliable measurements of anthropometric features of the knee among the Iranian female population. It can be concluded that anthropometric features of the knee among the Iranian women are similar to the Caucasian and European populations but it is higher than the Chinese populations.}, Keywords = {Anthropometry, patella, distal femur, osteoarthritis, total knee arthroplasty, Iranian population}, volume = {32}, Number = {3}, pages = {206-212}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5430-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5430-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Mozaffarinejad, Farzaneh and Nazarboland, Neda and Sadeghihasanabadi, Fatemeh}, title = {Neurological Evidence for Impairment of Supervisory Attentional System in Impulsive Children}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Supervisory Attentional System (SAS) model of information processing (Norman and Shallice, 1980) explains the overall voluntary cognitive control and regulation of mental processes during novel or complex tasks. From a functional point of view, “Impulsivity” is a multidimensional concept that incorporates failure of "response inhibitory control" –a key component in SAS–and other cognition processes. Even aggressive, suicidal, and violent behaviors are associated with impulsivity and difficulty in inhibiting responses. The aim of this descriptive-comparative study was to investigate whether SAS impairments play a role in impulsive behaviors of children. Materials & Methods: Students of 8 to 10 years old were categorized into groups of high impulsivity (1.2 SD higher than the mean (n=25)) and low impulsivity (1.2 SD higher than the mean based on the Conners' Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS-RS)). SAS performance was assessed by Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Go/No Go (GNG), and Tower of London Test (TOL). Results: In CPT, higher commission score (p=0.025, F=5.40); in GNG, lower inhibitory control and omission (p, F=16.27; p0.016, F=6.27; p0.006, F=8.46); and in TOL, higher time test, time total, error, and lower results scores (p0.015, F=6.34; p0.027, F=5.18, p0.001, F13.49; p0.001, F12.50) were obtained by the more impulsive participants. Conclusion: Taken together, a multivariate analysis of variance in all three tests revealed that response inhibitory control is negatively associated with high impulsivity, indicating the correlativity of SAS impairment with impulsivity. This finding introduces quantifiable means of assessing SAS impairment in impulsive children, which can help improve the diagnosis and treatment strategies of impulsivity-related disorders.  }, Keywords = {Impulsivity, Impulsive children, Inhibitory Control, Response Inhibition, Supervisory Attentional System (SAS)}, volume = {32}, Number = {3}, pages = {213-224}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5346-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5346-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Hassani, Sonia and Sotoodehnejadnematalahi, Fattah and Fateh, Abolfazl and Siadat, Seyed Davar}, title = {Evaluation of efficiency of Methods used for extraction of Bifidobacterium bifidum-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: An experimental study}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Bacteria naturally secret nano-scale vesicles containing a wide range of biomolecules, such as proteins, DNA, and RNA. These vesicles are called extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs play important roles in host-microbiota interactions. For isolating EVs, different methods have been proposed and each method has its advantages and also limitations. Therefore, in the current study, efficacy of two methods used for extraction of EVs was investigated. Materials & Methods: For this purpose, Bifidobacterium bifidum was cultured in MRS broth under anaerobic conditions. In the first isolation protocol, ultra-centrifugation was used (Ultra-method) and in the second protocol, ultra-centrifugation (Non-Ultra method) was not used. After isolation, protein content was measured by the NanoDrop system. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) technique was utilized to compare protein pattern of the EVs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the EVs҆ samples were taken and size of the EVs was evaluated by Digimizer software. Results: The results showed that the EVs isolated by the Ultra-method had significantly higher vesicle-associated protein content compared to those isolated by the Non-Ultra method (3.42 and 0.26 mg/ml, respectively). More and larger EVs (up to 235 nm and with frequent size ranging between 100 – 125 nm) were isolated by the Ultra-method compared to the Non-Ultra method (up to 117 nm and with frequent size ranging between 50–75 nm). Also, protein patterns of the EVs were similar in both methods and protein bands were observed at 25 to 250 KDa in both methods. Conclusion: Our results showed that ultra-centrifugation method is a more proper method for isolation of B. bifidum-derived EVs and produces a higher amount of EVs with higher protein content and proper sizes. However, further studies are required to confirm our results.}, Keywords = {Bifidobacterium bifidum, Extracellular Vesicles, Ultra-Centrifugation, Isolation Methods}, volume = {32}, Number = {3}, pages = {225-233}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5197-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5197-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Eskandari, Ramin and Hosseinzadeh, Zahra and Rezaei, Yousef and Emami, Sepideh}, title = {Relationship between ABO Blood Group and Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Undergoing Elective Coronary Angiography}, abstract ={Background & Aims: The ABO blood group antigens have been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and cardiovascular mortality. However, there are some controversies in this regard. We sought to determine the association between the ABO blood group and the severity of CAD among patients undergoing elective diagnostic coronary angiography (CAG). Materials & Methods: In this retrospective study, patients undergoing elective CAG were recruited during a year, from January to December 2019. The diagnosis of CAD was based on the narrowing of coronary artery lumen (<50% as mild CAD, 50-70% as moderate CAD, and >70% as severe CAD). Subsequently, the number of involved coronary arteries was also defined. The ABO blood group and Rh status were also identified. Results: A total of 192 patients undergoing elective CAG were assessed. The patients’ mean age was 59.6 ± 10.7 years, and 113 (58.9%) subjects were male. After categorization into the O and the non-O blood groups, the number of involved coronary arteries and the severity of lumen narrowing were not significantly different between groups. Those values were also comparable between the A, B, AB, and O blood groups. Irrespective of blood group, patients with negative Rh had a higher prevalence of coronary artery narrowing (50-70%) compared to patients with positive Rh (p=0.043). Conclusion: This study showed no association between the ABO blood group and the severity of CAD among patients undergoing elective CAG. Moreover, negative Rh was associated with the lower degrees of coronary artery narrowing compared to positive Rh.}, Keywords = {ABO blood group, Rhesus antigen, coronary artery disease, coronary angiography}, volume = {32}, Number = {3}, pages = {234-242}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5274-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5274-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {shojaemehr, Mohadeseh and alamholo, mostaf}, title = {EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CITRUS GRANDIS ESSENTIAL OIL ON STANDARD BACTERIAL STRAINS}, abstract ={Background & Aims: The natural compounds have received more attention due to their lower side effects and better biodegradation compared to antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and antioxidant effects of leaf and skin essential oil of Citrus Grandis on some human pathogenic bacteria. Materials & Methods: The leaf and skin of Citrus Grandis were collected under the supervision of Citrus Research Center experts from the northern province of Iran (Ramsar, Mazandaran). Essential oil extraction was performed by a Clevenger apparatus. In this empirical study, antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration were determined by agar well diffusion and microdilution broth, respectively. Also, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl reagent was used for the antiradical activity according to free radical inhibition percentage. Results: The leaf essential oil showed the highest inhibitory effect on Bacillus cereus (32.5 ± 0.5 mm). The leaf essential oil of Citrus Grandis showed a better inhibitory effect compared to the skin essential oil. Minimum inhibitory concentration of leaf essential oil on Bacillus cereus of 0.62 µg mL- and minimum inhibitory concentration of skin essential oil on Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus and Pseudomonas aureus bacteria of 0.62 µg mL- were obtained. Free radical scavenging increased by increasing the essential oil concentration. The essential oil of leaf showed the highest IC 50 value. Conclusion: Based on the findings, essential oil of Citrus Grandis demonstrated strong antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Citrus Grandis essential oil compounds can be processed for antibiotic production and synthesis of antimicrobial drugs in medical and pharmaceutical sector.}, Keywords = {Citrus grandis, Essential oil, Antiradical, Antibacterial}, volume = {32}, Number = {4}, pages = {243-251}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5023-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5023-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Eghbalimeydani, Mohammad and Jafarnezhadgero, AmirAli}, title = {THE EFFECT OF LONG-TERM USE OF BRACES ON ELECTRICAL MUSCLE ACTIVITY IN PEOPLE WITH GENU VARUS WHILE RUNNING: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Genu varus is one of the most common lower limb complications that affect a person's performance during daily activities and sports. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using knee braces on the frequency content of lower limb muscles in people with genu varus while running. Materials & Methods: The present study was quasi-experimental. 30 male students with genu varus (20-30 years) were randomly divided into control and intervention groups. Knee brace was used for 8 weeks in the experimental group. The subjects used a knee brace in most of their daily activities. Electrical activity of selected muscles was recorded by electromyography system. For statistical analysis, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results of the present study showed that the electrical activity of the biceps muscle showed a significant decrease during stance phase by -67.63% at post-test compared to the pre-test (p = 0.026). Also, the electrical activity of the biceps muscle during stance at the post-test compared to the pre-test showed a significant decrease by 21.09% (p = 0.036). The electrical activity of other muscles in the intervention group did not show any significant difference during the post-test compared to the pre-test (p <0.05). Conclusion: Due to the decrease in the frequency of medial gastrocnemius and biceps femoris muscles, it can be stated that long-term use of the brace can improve running mechanics.}, Keywords = {Genu varus, Knee brace, Running, Frequency muscle activity}, volume = {32}, Number = {4}, pages = {252-261}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5448-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5448-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {MirzaieGobaran, Zahra and Khashabi, Ehsan and Taram, Saman and Zangbar, Faraz}, title = {THE PREVALENCE OF ORAL LESIONS AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS REFERRED TO INTERNAL WARD OF IMAM KHOMEINI HOSPITAL AND ALBORZ DENTISTRY CLINIC IN 2020: A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Diabetes mellitus is a set of metabolic disorders caused by a set of factors that impair insulin synthesis or reduce sensitivity to it. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of intraoral lesions in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive study, patients referred to the internal ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital, and Alborz Dental Clinic in Urmia in 2020 were selected. Patients with controlled diabetes and HbA1C less than 7.5 and FBS less than 150 were included in the study. These patients were first asked about their history of diabetes, and their medication regimen by a final year dental student and oral and maxillofacial medicine specialist. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and SPSS 16.0 software. Results: Of 369 patients, 62.1% were male and 37.9% with a mean age of 50.4 years participated. Chi-square test showed that there was a significant difference between dry mouth and inflammation of the labia in women and men (001/0 > p). But there is no significant difference between dry mouth in subjects with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes (p <0.05). Conclusion: Due to the higher prevalence of oral inflammation and candidiasis in patients with type 2 diabetes, it is possible to link the pathophysiology of the disease with the prevalence of these manifestations. In other words patients with type 2 diabetes are among the high-risk groups with these lesions.}, Keywords = {Oral Manifestations, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Type 1}, volume = {32}, Number = {4}, pages = {262-272}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5409-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5409-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {AkbariAghdam, Hossein and Seirafian, Shiva and Ebrahimpour, Mohammad and Telloo, Mahshid and Bahari, Milad and Bemani, Sam}, title = {EVALUATION OF ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (EGFR) IN PATIENTS WITH LOW ENERGY HIP FRACTURE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL DESCRIPTIVE STUDY}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Chronic kidney disease is commonly seen with reduced calcium and low-energy fractures. In this study, we investigated the relationship between estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) and low-energy hip fractures. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on patients with renal insufficiency who were referred to Alzahra and Kashani hospitals with a diagnosis of hip fracture in 2016 and 2017. Cr level was extracted from the patient file and the relationship between eGFR and other variables was investigated. Results: Of the studied patients, 203 (48.6%) had eGFR below 60 and 215 (51.4%) had eGFR above 60. Female patients with e-GFR below 60 were more common, underlying diseases of diabetes and hypertension were significantly higher in e-GFR below 60, and mean age and creatinine levels in e-GFR below 60 were significantly higher than eGFR above 60. The mean hemoglobin level in subjects with eGFR below 60 was significantly lower than those with eGFR above 60 (p <0.05). Mortality was significantly higher in subjects with eGFR below 60 than in those with eGFR above 60. There was no significant relationship between eGFR and type of fracture and ischemia (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Management in the prevention of hip fracture and treatment of patients with renal failure can be effective in the treatment of fracture and reducing its mortality.}, Keywords = {Renal Failure, Low Energy Fracture, Hip}, volume = {32}, Number = {4}, pages = {273-279}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5230-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5230-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Akbariazar, Elinaz and Angaji, Abdolhamid and Pakzad, Parviz and AbdiRad, Isa and Mosarrezaii, Arash}, title = {ASSOCIATION STUDY OF STAT4, IL7R, AND FOXP1 GENE POLYMORPHISMS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IN THE NORTHWEST OF IRAN}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Multiple sclerosis (MS) (MIM # 126200) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that is recognized as the most common cause of non-traumatic neurological disability in young adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between rs9828628 (FOXP1 gene), rs6881706 (IL7R gene), rs9967792 (STAT4 gene) with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). Materials & Methods: The case-control study included 129 cases with RRMS and 200 healthy individuals. ARMS-PCR technique was performed for genotyping rs9828628, rs6881706, rs9967792. Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and allelic and genotypic regression analysis were used to investigate the association of these polymorphisms with RRMS. Results: Considering the total population studied a significant association was observed between rs6881706 and RRMS with OR = 2.522 and 95% CI = 1.336 – 4.759 and p-value = 0.004. The association of this polymorphism with RRMS did not change after using Bonferroni correction (p =0.0169). No association was observed between rs9828628 and rs9967792 with RRMS. Conclusion: The current study replicated three polymorphisms of GWAS susceptibility SNPs in the Northwest of Iran. There was a significant association between rs6881706 and RRMS, while no association was observed between rs9967792, rs9828629, and RRMS.  The importance of validated polymorphisms is essential to understand the signaling pathways in RRMS and to use them as a genetic biomarker in diagnosing and screening the disease and establishing a new drug target.}, Keywords = {Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS), Polymorphism ̨ STAT4, IL7R, FOXP1}, volume = {32}, Number = {4}, pages = {280-289}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5541-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5541-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Daneshyar, Saeed and OmidAli, Fatemeh and Feizipour, Seyd Al}, title = {THE COMBINED EFFECT OF LONG-TERM FEEDING OF HIGH-FAT DIET AND REGULAR AEROBIC TRAINING ON GENE EXPRESSION OF UNCOUPLING PROTEIN 1 (UCP1) IN BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE AND SARCOLIPIN (SLN) IN SOLEUS MUSCLE OF MICE: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and Sarcolipin (SLN) are regulator proteins in non-shivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle (SM), respectively. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of long-term feeding of a high-fat diet and regular aerobic training on its gene expression in mice. Materials & Methods: 28 mice were assigned into four groups including; 1) control (n=7), 2) High Fat Diet (HFD), 3) Aerobic Training (AT) (n=7), and 4) High Fat Diet- Aerobic Training (HFD-AT) (n=7). The subjects of the HFD group were fed with a high-fat diet (fat= 45%) for 12 weeks. The mice of AT group underwent aerobic training on a treadmill for six weeks. HFD-AT group underwent the aerobic training in addition to a high fat diet. The Real-Time–PCR method was used to measure the gene expression of UCP1 and SLN. Results: Data showed that the aerobic training did not significantly affect the expressions of UCP1 and SLN (p=0.17; p=0.87). However, a high-fat diet caused an increase (approximately three-fold) in the expression of UCP1 and SLN (p=0.0006; p=0.009). Basically, the aerobic training prevented the HFD-induced increase of UCP1 and SLN (p=0.29; p=0.49). Conclusion: These results indicated that regular aerobic training could limit the increasing effect of the high-fat diet on thermogenic factors, i.e., UCP1 and SLN. Based on this, it seems that aerobic training could modulate diet-induced thermogenesis by these regulating mechanisms.}, Keywords = {Nutrition, Exercise training, Diet-induced thermogenesis, UCP1, Sarcolipin}, volume = {32}, Number = {4}, pages = {290-302}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5341-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5341-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Vazifekhah, Shabnam and Rangarzan, Zahra and Dehghan, Kamr}, title = {EVALUATING THE SIDE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL MAGNESIUM SULFATE RECEIVED IN PRE-ECLAMPSIA IN TERM AND LATE-TERM NEONATES IN 2015 AND 2016}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Using magnesium sulfate might prevent the seizure, it could lead to poisoning in the patient. The present study aims at evaluating the side effects of maternal magnesium sulfate consumption in pre-eclampsia on term and late-preterm neonates. Materials & Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive analytical study. One hundred term (group 1) and 100 late-preterm neonates (group 2) that were born in Shahid Motahari hospital of Urmia University of Medical Sciences from mothers with pre-eclampsia who had received magnesium sulfate, and as the control group, 100 neonates from mothers with pre-eclampsia who had not received magnesium sulfate (group 3) entered the study with easy and available sampling.  Results: The mean duration of sulfate uptake in the first group was 8.96±9.80 days and in the second group was 27.66±15.23 days and this difference was significant (p = 0.035). In the first group, 94 infants (94%), in the second group, 21 infants (21%), and in the third group, 64 infants (64%) did not need breathing support, which showed a significant difference between the groups (p <0.001). The first and fifth minute Apgar scores were significantly lower in the second group than in the first group and control, but this difference was not significant (p >0.05). Conclusion: The findings of the present study depicted that magnesium sulfate administered for pre-eclampsia does not lead to neonates’ hypotonia, more admission days in the ward or NICU, and low Apgar scores.}, Keywords = {Pre-eclampsia, Magnesium Sulfate, Hypotonia, Apgar, NICU}, volume = {32}, Number = {4}, pages = {303-312}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5457-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5457-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Behrouzilak, Tahereh and Ghasemzadeh, Somayeh}, title = {SUCCESSFUL PREGNANCY IN A PATIENT WITH TAKAYASU’S ARTERITIS: A CASE REPORT}, abstract ={Takayasu arteritis, a so-called pulseless disease, is a very rare disease in young people. The first symptoms appear at the age of 5 to 40 years. Although both sexes may be affected, 80-90% of patients are female. It is a chronic inflammatory arthritis that affects the large arteries. This form of arthritis can be associated with abnormal angiography of the upper aorta and its main branches, which disrupts blood flow to the arteries of the upper extremities. Pregnancy with a history of Takayasu arteritis is considered a high-risk pregnancy and the risk increases depending on the progression of the disease and the extent of vascular damage. The purpose of this article is to report the case of a successful and uncomplicated pregnancy in a patient with Takayasu arteritis. A 36-year-old woman in her third pregnancy with two healthy children, with a gestational age of 38 weeks was referred to us with labor pains. The patient had a 8-year history of Takayasu's arteritis. She did not follow-up and received no treatment during her current pregnancy. Her first visit in week 38 was due to the onset of labor pains. Emergency evaluation and procedures were performed. Finally, due to arrest dilatation, an emergency cesarean section was performed. She delivered a healthy boy weighing 4300 g with an Apgar score of 9-10.}, Keywords = {Takayasu arteritis, high-risk pregnancy, aorta}, volume = {32}, Number = {4}, pages = {313-316}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5497-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5497-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Khangnikfarjam, Saeedeh and Baharara, Javad and Nejadshahrokhabady, Khadijeh}, title = {CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF ARTEMISIA ABSINTHIUM EXTRACT ON A2780 CELL LINE (OVARIAN CANCER) AND ALTERATION OF APOPTOTIC GENES EXPRESSION LEVELS}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Ovarian cancer is the third most common cancer in women. Artemisia is one of the most commonly used medicinal plants, and Artemisia absinthium is one of the important species of this genus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cytotoxicity and the ability to induce apoptosis methanolic extract of A. absinthium in A2780 cell line (human ovarian cancer). Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, methanolic extract of A. absinthium was prepared. MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of A. absinthium extract on A2780 cancer cell proliferation and DAPI staining and flow cytometry analysis were used to evaluate the ability to induce apoptosis in treated cells with A. absinthium extract. Changes in "BAX, Caspase 3,9, p53" genes expression were evaluated by Real-time PCR. Quantitative data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA at a significant level of p<0.05. Results: The MTT assay results showed that methanolic extract of A. absinthium, inhibits proliferation of ovarian cancer A2780 cells in a concentration-dependent manner (p<0.001***). Morphological observation with DAPI staining and flow cytometry analysis results showed an increased percentage of apoptotic cells. The real-time PCR results showed an increase in the expression of apoptotic genes "BAX, Caspase 3,9, p53" in treatment groups p <0.01**; p<0.001***. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the methanolic extract of A. absinthium inhibits the proliferation of A2780 cancer cells and induces apoptosis in these cells.}, Keywords = {Ovarian cancer, Apoptosis, Artemisia absinthium}, volume = {32}, Number = {5}, pages = {317-328}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5552-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5552-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Mardanpour, Keykhosro and Rahbar, Mahtab}, title = {TUBERCULOUS OSTEOMYELITIS IN THUMB: A RARE CASE}, abstract ={Although tuberculous osteomyelitis is rare in the general population, it should still be considered as a threat to human health. A 52-year-old woman acutely develops a progressively painful swelling on the tip of her right thumb.  On laboratory examination, there is no abnormality except for a slight increase in acute phase inflammatory tests (ESR and CRP). A right-hand x-ray showed an expansile lytic lesion. Microscopic examination revealed tuberculosis granuloma. Anti-tuberculous chemotherapy started for two months with a regimen composed of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol and then followed by a ten month regimen consisting of isoniazid and rifampicin. Bone tuberculosis should always be considered by physicians, as early diagnosis and treatment will prevent additional serious complications of the disease.}, Keywords = {Extrapulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculous osteomyelitis, thumb}, volume = {32}, Number = {5}, pages = {329-334}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5380-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5380-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Ghazizadeh, Farid and Noroozi, Mehran and Shekari, Mahs}, title = {COMPARISON OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROCALCITONIN AND CRP WITH PROGNOSIS OF FEVER AND NEUTROPENIA IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA}, abstract ={Background & Aims: The present study aimed to compare the relationship between Procalcitonin and CRP with a prognosis of fever and neutropenia in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, patients with fever and neutropenia who underwent chemotherapy were included. Duration of fever, length of hospital stay, mortality rate, Procalcitonin and CRP levels, and other patient information were included in the checklist and analyzed. Results: In this study, 31 patients with fever and neutropenia were enrolled. The results showed that subjects with high procalcitonin levels had a longer duration of fever and hospitalization than those with lower levels of Procalcitonin. A statistically significant level was also obtained. The results of our study showed that there is a significant relationship between the level of Procalcitonin and sepsis (p = 0.001); however, the CRP level was not significantly correlated (p = 0.372). Conclusion: Procalcitonin might be an adjunctive biomarker in identifying severity of disease, duration of antimicrobial therapy and choosing the right antibiotic for cancer patients with fever and neutropenia. Procalcitonin-guided algorithm may limit the duration of antibiotics, reduce adverse events, and prevent the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.  }, Keywords = {Fever and Neutropenia, Procalcitonin, CRP}, volume = {32}, Number = {5}, pages = {335-341}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5499-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5499-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Bigdeli, Parisa and Nourizade, Ezzat}, title = {COMPARISON OF SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF LAL/TOC ANIMAL PYROGEN (RABBIT) TEST WITH DIFFERENT DILUTIONS OF E.COLI FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF WFI IN PHARMACEUTICS}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Today, parenteral products occupy a particular place in the treatment of diseases and human health. Consequently, the presence of any microbial contamination in the water used in the drug production process may have adverse effects on the health of individuals and society. Since parenteral sera are in direct contact with the human body and blood, they must be free from pyrogens. The purpose of this study was to evaluate WFI water quality in the pharmaceuticals industry by LAL test methods and TOC test and rabbit pyrogen test with different dilutions of E. coli. Materials & Methods: In the present study, the sensitivity and specificity of LOL, TOC, and rabbit pyrogen tests with different dilutions of E. coli were evaluated to assess the water quality of WFI in the pharmaceuticals industry. LAL kits, EMB, TOC set, Spectrometer, Colony counter and Rabbits and… wad used in this study Results: None of the diluted solutions of E. coli were appropriate for medicinal water. The LAL test also gave more accurate results than the rabbit test, although it still appears that the LAL test is not entirely accurate. Conclusion: The results showed that all methods have advantages and disadvantages compared to one another, but the use of the TOC device in the thinnest samples demonstrates more acceptable results.}, Keywords = {LAL, TOC, Pyrogen, E. coli, WFI}, volume = {32}, Number = {5}, pages = {342-353}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5500-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5500-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Mahdiloo, Akbar and Moheb, Naeimeh and Tabatabaei, seyed Mahmoud and AlivandiVafa, Marzieh}, title = {EFFECTIVENESS OF COMBINATION OF TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION AND MINDFULNESS-BASED GROUP COGNITIVE THERAPY ON DEPRESSION REDUCTION IN NONCLINICAL POPULATIONS}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Depression is the most common mental disorder in the world. Treatment with transcranial direct current stimulation is one of the new treatments, and mindfulness-based group cognitive therapy is one of the effective treatments for depression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of these two therapies in reducing depression. Materials & Methods: This was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test with control group. Subjects were 75 students with depressive symptoms who were selected by purposeful method based on the Beck Depression Inventory (score above 15) and then they were randomly divided into 5 groups (Including 3 experimental groups, sham group and control group) and re-evaluated in post-test using the Beck Depression Inventory. The data were analyzed by analysis of covariance using SPSS 21 software. Results: The results showed that all experimental groups had a significant decrease in post-test depression scores (p <0.05) while in the sham and control groups there was no significant difference in post-test (p> 0.05). There was also a significant decrease in depression scores in the combination of transcranial direct current stimulation and mindfulness-based group cognitive therapy compared to the other groups. Conclusion: Combining transcranial direct current stimulation and mindfulness-based group cognitive therapy is effective in reducing depression in the nonclinical population.}, Keywords = {Depression, Mindfulness-based group cognitive therapy, Transcranial direct current stimulation}, volume = {32}, Number = {5}, pages = {354-364}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5292-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5292-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {AsadiRahmani, Fatemeh and Ranji, Najmeh and SaeidiSaedi, Hami}, title = {INVESTIGATION OF THE EXPRESSION LEVEL OF MIR-195 AS A POTENTIAL BIOMARKER IN THE PLASMA OF GASTRIC CANCER PATIENTS IN GUILAN PROVINCE}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Gastric cancer is one of the five most common cancers in Iran, the sixth most common cancer in the world, and the second cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Failure to diagnose gastric cancer in early stages suggests the need to find potential biomarkers. This study aimed to evaluate the miR-195 expression as a potential biomarker in the plasma of gastric cancer patients in Guilan province. Materials & Methods: In this case-control study, the Q-RT-PCR method was used to evaluate the expression level of miR-195 in the plasma of 25 patients with gastric cancer and 25 normal individuals. The relationship between the expression level of miR-195 and clinicopathologic features was evaluated using the ANOVA test. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the miR-195 as a potential biomarker to discriminate cancerous from non-cancerous states of the samples. Results: Our analysis showed that miR-195 was significantly downregulated in gastric cancer patients compared to the normal individuals (p˂0.05). The AUC value of ROC analysis was 0.7325±0.008 (p=0.0119) with the sensitivity of 51.7% and specificity of 71.8%. Conclusion: Downregulation of miR-195 in gastric cancer patients and ROC analysis suggested that miR-195 can be introduced as a potential biomarker in the diagnosis of gastric cancer in Guilan province.}, Keywords = {Biomarker, Gastric cancer, miR-195, Plasma, ROC analysis}, volume = {32}, Number = {5}, pages = {365-375}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5540-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5540-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Yahyaei, Behrooz and Tahmasebi, Jafar and Mehri, Moei}, title = {EFFECTS OF ANIMAL OILS COMPARED TO VEGETABLE OILS ON HISTOPATHOLOGY AND LIVER ENZYMES: INTERVENTIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY}, abstract ={Background & Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effects caused by butter and fat animal oils in camparison to rapeseed and sesame oils on liver histopathology and liver enzymes in rats. Materials & Methods: This experimental study was performed on 36 adult male and female rats (20±200 g). The studied groups were fed by two levels of 10 and 20% and including sesame oil, canola oil, tail and animal butter; the control group was fed according to the standard without using the above oils. At the end of 6 weeks of weight change, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Alanine Transaminase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured. Results: Diet containing 10% tail (202.5 g), and 20% butter and sesame (196.75 g) caused weight gain, which compared to butter and sesame, sesame caused more weight gain (p˃0.05). Butter and sesame oil at both levels of 10% and 20% in the diet of male and female rats reduced the amount of ALP, which in comparison to butter and sesame can be said to lead to a further reduction in ALP (226.75). Rapeseed and tail oil increased ALP levels by 10% and 20% at both levels. Compared to rapeseed and tail oil, it can be concluded that rapeseed oil increased ALP (559 mg). A higher increase in ALT was observed in diets containing 10% of tail (114.75 mg) and in 20% of rapeseed (139.5 mg). Vegetable oils of sesame and rapeseed and butter and tail oils in the diet at the level of 10 and 20% led to an increase in AST, which at the level of 10% butter (211.25 mg) and at the level of 20% sesame caused a significant increase in AST (233.5 mg). Conclusion: Animal oils cause weight gain in both fat levels while vegetable oils cause weight loss. Vegetable and animal oils at both fat levels increase AST, and vegetable and tail oils at both fat levels increase ALT. Butter and sesame oils at both levels decrease and rapeseed and tail oils at both levels increase ALP. Histology also showed the highest changes in the level of 20% of rapeseed and sesame oils and then butter, respectively.}, Keywords = {Liver enzyme, Rat, Animal oil, Vegetable oil}, volume = {32}, Number = {5}, pages = {376-387}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5425-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5425-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Alizadeh, Sara and Taklavi, Somayyeh and MahmoudAlilou, Majid and Feizipour, Haedeh}, title = {The Effectiveness of Existential Therapy on Death Anxiety and Meaning of Life in Recovered Patients of Covid-19}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Due to the high physiological and psychological damage of COVID-19 patients after discharge from the hospital and the need for interventional approaches, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of existential therapy on death anxiety and the meaning of life in recovered COVID-19 patients. Materials & Methods: The research was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test and control group. The statistical population in this study included all recovered patients of COVID-19 in 2020 in Urmia, Iran. To select the sample, the patients' files were checked in the counseling center of Taleghani Hospital. After that, 30 of the recovered patients that had the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to either experimental or control groups, each group consisting of 15 individuals. The experimental group received ten sessions of online existential therapy whereas the control group received no intervention. For the collection of data, the Meaning of Life (MLQ) and Death Anxiety Questionnaire (DAQ) were used. The collected data were analyzed using single-factor analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The results of the comparison of the post-tests of the groups indicated that scores of death anxiety (p<0.01) and meaning of life (p<0.01) of experimental and control groups differed significantly. The analysis of data showed that existential therapy reduced death anxiety and increased the meaning of life among recovered patients of COVID-19. Conclusion: Existential therapy is an effective approach in dealing with critical situations. The results of the present study can be used to improve the perplexities related to death and the meaning of life during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, Keywords = {Existential Therapy, Meaning of Life, Death Anxiety, Recovered Patients of COVID-19}, volume = {32}, Number = {5}, pages = {388-398}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5557-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5557-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Mota, Ali and AboutalebiVandBeilankouhi, Elmira and MohammadAlizadehfard, Hosein and khodabandeh, Zhila and Mirzamohammadi, Fariba and Valilo, Mohamm}, title = {INVESTIGATION OF PARAOXONASE1 ACTIVITY RATIO TO ARYL ESTERASE OF PARAOXONASE 1 ENZYME AND FREQUENCY OF N-ACETHYLTRANSFERASE-2 ENZYME POLYMORPHISMS IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON\'S DISEASE: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Parkinson's disease is the second most commonly diagnosed neurological disease after Alzheimer's disease. Paraoxonase 1 enzyme is an antioxidant enzyme with two paraoxonase and aryl esterase activity, and the change in activity and concentration of this enzyme can contribute to Parkinson's disease. The N-acetyltransferase enzyme plays an important role in the detoxification of organophosphates, in which the N-acetyltransferase 2 enzyme plays an important role. The aim of this study was to evaluate the paraoxonase activity ratio to aryl esterase activity of paraoxonase enzyme and the frequency of N-acetyltransferase 2 enzyme polymorphisms in patients with Parkinson's disease. Materials & Methods: In this case-control study, 80 cases (40 patients with Parkinson's disease and 40 control subjects) were studied. N-acetyltransferase-2 polymorphisms by the PCR-RFLP method were investigated using the relevant bound restriction enzymes. The serum level of paraoxonase 1 was determined by ELISA and enzyme activity of paraoxonase 1 was measured with spectrophotometric. Results: The ratio of paraoxonase to Aryl esterase did not show any significant difference between the two groups (p >0.05). Significant differences were observed in the frequency of m1 polymorphism genotypes between control and patient groups (p <0.05). However, the prevalence of polymorphism genotypes m1 and m2 between the two groups did not show a significant difference (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that three N-acetyltransferase 2 polymorphisms, m1 polymorphism, as well as a decrease in serum levels and paraoxonase 1 activity, may contribute to the pathogenesis and etiology of Parkinson's disease.}, Keywords = {Parkinson's disease, gene polymorphism, paraoxonase 1, N-acetyltransferase 2}, volume = {32}, Number = {6}, pages = {399-407}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.6.399}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-4941-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-4941-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Rashidi, Ali and Dalaie-Milan, Ali and Alizadeh-Emamzadeh, Mohammad-Reza and Jabbari, Karim}, title = {COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND FORECASTING OF THE URMIA CITY UNIVERSITIES IN UNIVERSITY RANKINGS BASED ON RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY}, abstract ={Background & Aims: The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative evaluation of performance and forecast the Urmia city universities in university rankings based on data from the WOS database. Materials & Methods: The present study is an applied research based on the research goals and a comparative study in terms of research method. The statistical population consisted of all documents (from 1980 to 11/08/2021) indexed in the WOS database and attributed to "Iran". The criterion for analyzing the outputs was the proposed indicators of Incites. Results: The results showed that 627972 documents have been indexed in the WOS citation database by scientific organizations affiliated to Iran. Urmia University (with 7442 Documents) has the highest number of documents indexed in the WOS. Urmia University of Technology with regards to the indicators of "citation impact", "% Docs Cited", " % Documents in Top 1% ", " % Documents in Top 10% ", " % Documents in Q1 Journals", and " % International Collaborations" shows the best performance. Urmia University of Medical Sciences shows the best performance in " % Industry Collaborations" and " % Domestic Collaborations" indicators. While the Urmia University shows the best performance in the "% Organization only Collaborations" and “% Corresponding Author (2008-2021)" indicators. Conclusion: The quality of research conducted in Urmia city universities is not appropriate. Their performance was relatively poor in the international, national, and industrial interactions. It seems that the universities need a good strategy in publishing research findings. Considering all these factors, it can be predicted that their ranking in Iran and worldwide would be weak.}, Keywords = {Academic Performance of University, University Ranking, Scientometrics, Incites, Urmia Universities}, volume = {32}, Number = {6}, pages = {408-418}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.6.408}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5575-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5575-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Abbasi, Fariba and PourJabali, Masumeh and Javanmard, Farzaneh and Fattahi, Hani}, title = {EVALUATION OF INTEROBSERVER DISCREPANCY IN HISTOLOGIC GRADING OF BREAST CARCINOMA, PAPILLARY BLADDER CARCINOMA, AND SOFT TISSUE SARCOMA}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Histologic tumor grading is a well-documented useful, inexpensive and easily done prognostic factor but it shows many differences when viewed by multiple pathologists. The aim of the present study was to determine the interobserver differences in tumor grading among pathologists in Urmia, Imam Khomeini Hospital. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive, analytical retrospective study, 50 cases of breast carcinoma, urothelial papillary tumor and soft tissue sarcoma were evaluated. Three pathologists reviewed all slides and graded the tumors after codifying and without any knowledge of the opinion of each other. The interobserver concordance was determined by K statistics. A p< 0.05 is considered significant. Results: The interobserver concordance was fair in grading of breast, and bladder carcinoma and moderate in soft tissue sarcoma (Kappa was 0.3, 0.13 and 0.603, respectively). Based on the evaluation of factors included in histologic grading, the agreement was higher for pleomorphism in breast cancer, cellular thickness layer in bladder tumor, and cellular differentiation in soft tissue sarcoma (Kappa was 0.8, 0.28 and 0.65, respectively(. Conclusion: According to our results, interobserver concordance in the grading of different tumors was fair. To solve this problem, it is suggested to do grading more than one time and in different microscopic fields. Simultaneous grading by two pathologists with multi-head microscope or considering the average of what two pathologists achieve separately can be useful.}, Keywords = {Interobserver Variability, Grading, Breast Cancer, Bladder Papillary Carcinoma, Soft Tissue Sarcoma}, volume = {32}, Number = {6}, pages = {419-427}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.6.419}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5362-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5362-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Aryaei, Faranak and Firoozrai, Mohsen and Kalbasi, Saee}, title = {THE FREQUENCY OF RS877899 POLYMORPHISMS IN THE SEPP1 GENES AND TYPE 2 DIABETES, ITS RELATION TO BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS AND BLOOD SELENOPROTEINE P AND OXIDATIVE STRESS INDICES}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Ala234Thr single nucleotide polymorphism can affect the level of oxidative stress capacity and serum selenium levels. On the other hand, blood glucose and insulin levels regulate the expression of SEPP1 gene. It is hypothesized that this polymorphism may be significantly associated with diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the genotype of Ala234Thr polymorphism in patients with type 2 diabetes and its effect on glucose levels, selenoprotein p levels, and oxidative stress status of patients. Materials & Methods: In this study, biochemical indices (FBS & HbA1C), and serum oxidative stress indices (MDA and total antioxidant capacity) were measured in both patient and healthy groups, and Tetra-ARMS PCR was used to determine the genotype of A234T polymorphism. Results: There was no significant relationship between demographic indicators (age and gender) with the incidence of type 2 diabetes, but there was a significant relationship between biochemical indicators and oxidative stress (p = 0.001). Genotyping results showed that the frequency of GG genotype in the control group was higher than the patient group, but it was not statistically significant. It was also found that the risk of type 2 diabetes in people with GA genotype is 2.14 times higher than others (p = 0.035). Conclusion: The results demonstrated the effect of high levels of SEPP1 on the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes through oxidative stress pathways. Rs3877899 polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the subjects.}, Keywords = {Diabetes, Single nucleotide polymorphism, Oxidative stress, Hyperglycemia, Tetra-ARMS PCR}, volume = {32}, Number = {6}, pages = {428-436}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.6.428}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5458-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5458-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Niazi, Saber and Mirdar, Shadmehr and Bazar, Reza and Hamidian, Gholamreza and Talebi, Vahi}, title = {EVALUATION OF HIF-1Α RESPONSE AND THE RATE OF BRONCHIAL AND BRONCHIOLE APOPTOSIS IN LUNG TISSUE OF MALE WISTAR RATS IN CASE OF DECREASED EXERCISE LOAD AND HYPOBARIC HYPOXIA CONDITIONS BELONGING TO HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Achieving the peak of athletic performance by being in environmental conditions such as hypobaric hypoxia and maintaining it by reducing exercise pressure is of great importance for athletes, among which injuries to internal organs such as lung tissue due to these conditions are less considered. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the response of HIF-1α and the rate of bronchial and bronchiole apoptosis in lung tissue of male Wistar rats following reduced exercise load in hypoxic hypoxia. Materials & Methods: The samples of the present study included 24 male Wistar rats (8 control, 16 experimental), healthy and without disease (4 weeks with a mean weight of 72 9 9 g). The experimental group was kept in hypobaric hypoxia for 3 weeks after 6 weeks of periodic training. Half of the experimental rats performed periodic exercises with less intensity (Taper) during three weeks of exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. To measure HIF-1α levels and bronchial apoptosis and pulmonary bronchioles, lung tissue was removed and assayed. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. Results: Findings showed that exposure to hypobaric hypoxia caused a significant increase in HIF-1α and bronchial apoptosis and pulmonary bronchioles (p ≥ 0.05). Taper was also associated with a significant decrease (p ≥ 0.05) in HIF-1α and bronchial apoptosis and lung tissue bronchioles compared to hypobaric hypoxia and high-intensity interval training. Conclusion: Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia is associated with an increase in HIF-1α and bronchial apoptosis and pulmonary bronchioles, which can be used as a method to reduce HIF-1α and bronchial apoptosis and pulmonary bronchioles.  }, Keywords = {Hypoxia 1 alpha induction factor, Apoptosis, Increasing interval training, Taper, Lung}, volume = {32}, Number = {6}, pages = {437-447}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.6.437}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5511-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5511-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Ostadimoghaddam, Hadi and Nakhjavanpour, Neda and Payandeh, Abolfazl and Mohammad-RezaSedaghat, Mohammad-Rez}, title = {DETERMINATION OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PERIPAPILLARY RETINAL NERVE FIBER LAYER AND MACULAR THICKNESS USING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness is an important factor in the early diagnosis of posterior pole dysfunctions, assessment of treatment effect, and disease progression. The aim of this study was to compare the macular and peripapillary retinal thickness between genders and among refractive error types in healthy subjects. In addition, effective determinants of the thickness were ascertained. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 58 subjects (116 eyes) who were referred to the Toos eye clinic of Mashhad, northeast of Iran, for refractive error surgery and their caregivers in 2014. We used Optical Coherence Tomography for retinal thickness measurements. Results: The mean age was 26.02±0.42 years. The mean±SD spherical equivalence was estimated to be -2.06 ± 0.36 dioptres, axial length was 23.89 ± 0.14 mm, average peripapillary thickness was 89.91 ± 0.94 μm, average macular thickness was 274.68 ± 1.84 μm, and overall macular volume was 9.89 ± 0.07 mm3. Multiple linear regression modeling indicated that axial length and gender had a significant effect on average macular thickness. Axial length also showed a substantial effect on average peripapillary thickness. Conclusion: Retinal thickness measurement regardless of refractive error type could lead to bias in disease diagnosis. The results of the present study might be used to enhance the assessment precision of ocular diseases.}, Keywords = {Retinal Thickness, Axial Length, Optical Coherence Tomography}, volume = {32}, Number = {6}, pages = {448-457}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.6.448}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5462-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5462-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {seyedmardani, Seyedmostafa and Aghdashi, Mir Amir and Aryanezhad, shefa and Ayremlou, Parvi}, title = {DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL FEATURES OF TAKAYASU ARTERITIS IN WEST AZERBAIJAN, IRAN: 2010-2018}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Takayasu arteritis is a chronic disease of medium- and large-sized arteries. Its clinical diversity in different geographical areas can be due to the involvement of different vascular regions. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical presentations, and demographic and radiologic findings of patients with Takayasu arteritis who were admitted to Urmia University Hospital in 2010 – 2018. Materials & Methods: Data of the patients with Takayasu arthritis (presence of at least three criteria of American College of Rheumatology), including their constitutional, neuro-vascular, cardio-vascular symptoms were collected from their medical files. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software. Results: In this study, we evaluated 14 patients (12 females – 2 males). The mean diagnosis age was 33.00 ± 9.16 years and the mean delay in diagnosis was 5.11±4.99 years. All patients )100% (presented ischemic complication. It was reported that 78.6% of cases had a decrease in brachial pulse and 64.3% had a difference in blood pressure between arms. Limb claudication and subclavian bruit were 78.6% and 71.4%, respectively. According to angiographic findings, most of patients had stenosis (78.6%) and type IIa (42.9%). The pure aneurysmal lesion was not reported in any of the patients. In only one patient (7.1%), with type IV, intestinal ischemia resulted in death. Conclusion: Takayasu arteritis occurs most commonly in young women with a diversity of manifestations. In the early stages of the disease, nonspecific clinical and laboratory findings lead to delayed diagnosis and irreversible ischemic lesion. These complications highlight the necessity of careful vascular examinations.}, Keywords = {Takayasu arteritis, vasculitis, clinical manifestations, demographic characteristics, angiographic finding}, volume = {32}, Number = {6}, pages = {458-467}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.6.458}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5447-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5447-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Shabestarian, Hanieh and HomayouniTabrizi, Masoud and Eshaghi, Ali}, title = {Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Effects of PLGA Nanoparticles Loaded with Rapeseed Pollen Extract}, abstract ={Background & Aims: In this study, the antioxidant and antibacterial capacity of PLGA nanoparticles containing rapeseed extract (RE-PNP) was investigated. Materials & Methods: Three various methods including Disk Diffusion (DD), Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were used to evaluate the antibacterial effects of synthesized nanoparticles against different strains of bacteria. The inhibition capacity of ABTS and DPPH free radicals was measured to evaluate the antioxidant power of RE-PNP. Results: The results showed that the RE-PNP have the potential to inhibit DPPH radicals (IC50 = 500μg / ml) and ABTS (IC50 = 1000μg / ml). The inhibitory effect of RE-PNP on the growth of Staphylococcus aurous and Micrococcus luteus was confirmed by the growth inhibition zone 8 and 15 in the disk diffusion model. Conclusion: According to the results, RPE-PNPs can be used as a safe, natural, and effective antibiotic for bacterial infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus and also, this formulation can be used due to its antioxidant effects in treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases.}, Keywords = {PLGA nanoparticle, Rapeseed pollen, ABTS, DPPH, Disk Diffusion test, Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal concentration (MBC)}, volume = {32}, Number = {6}, pages = {468-476}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.6.468}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5501-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5501-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {MoazzamiGoudarzi, Mehdi and Fazeli, Mohammad Reza and Akhavansepahi, Abbas and Eidi, Akram}, title = {ASSESSMENT OF ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF LACTOBACILLUS RHAMNOSUS AGAINST HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE II}, abstract ={Background & Aims: High prevalence of urogenital infections among women and the increasing emergence of drug-resistant organisms are a challenging topic. Due to this background, it is reasonable to consider probiotics for combating the urogenital infections. This study is an attempt to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus against Herpes Simplex Virus Type II. Materials & Methods: Within donated lactobacilli, biochemical and molecular characterization was carried out to find Lactobacillus rhamnosus isolates. Then to evaluate how cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Lactobacillus rhamnosus may affect the pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus type II, a plaque formation counting test was done on HeLa Cells by plaque-forming assay. Results: The supernatant of Lactobacillus rhamnosus culture significantly reduced plaque formation by herpes simplex virus II and almost the same results were obtained for standard strain. The inhibitory effects of the two supernatants were independent of H202 or H+ secretion by candidate lactobacilli, but the result was more reasonable for wild type in comparison to the standard strain of lactobacillus rhamnosus. Conclusion: Considering the most effective inhibitory results (6h before virus contamination) and also by probable in vivo generalization of result, it is more possible to consider vaginal microbiome as an inhibitor for initial steps of viral attachment. Otherwise, when HeLa cells were successfully contaminated by HSV II, the inhibitory result of lactobacilli was reduced. A variety of mechanisms may be responsible for interruption in viral-host cell interaction, virus neutralization, and post-infected intracellular viral procedures.}, Keywords = {lactobacillus rhamnosus, Herpes simplex virus type II}, volume = {32}, Number = {7}, pages = {478-489}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.7.478}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5562-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5562-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Moghadami, Foozieh and Kalantari, Mahdi}, title = {INVESTIGATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES IN COMBINATION WITH LAVENDER (LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA) LEAF EXTRACT BY RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Bacterial resistance to antibiotic treatment is a dilemma that has led researchers to search for suitable alternatives. The use of herbs and nanotechnology can be a solution. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of iron oxide nanoparticles in combination with lavender leaf extract using response surface methodology. Materials & Methods: The response surface methodology and a central composite design were employed to evaluate the iron oxide nanoparticle and lavender extract's antibacterial activity at different temperatures against E.coli and S.aureus. The agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity. Results: The results showed that the antimicrobial effect of iron oxide nanoparticles was greater than lavender extract. The response of the two tested bacteria to the combination of iron oxide nanoparticles and lavender extract was not the same at different temperatures. The antimicrobial effect of iron oxide nanoparticles in combination with lavender extract on the growth of S.aureus was greater than their effect on E.coli. On the other hand, increasing the temperature increased the antimicrobial properties of the combination of iron oxide nanoparticles and lavender extract against E.coli, but did not affect S.aureus. Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that iron oxide nanoparticles in combination with lavender extract can be a suitable option as an antimicrobial agent in topical or oral applications. However, more comprehensive studies and clinical trials are needed.}, Keywords = {Iron oxide nanoparticles, Lavender, Response Surface Methodology, Antimicrobial}, volume = {32}, Number = {7}, pages = {490-499}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.7.490}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5351-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5351-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {HashemzadehChekan, Mitra and Kazemi, Reza and Taklavi, Somayeh and Narimani, Mohamm}, title = {AN INTERVENTIONAL STUDY BASED ON COGNITIVE-ANALYTICAL THERAPY IN INDIVIDUALS WITH BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER AND EVALUATION OF SYMPTOM CHANGES AFTER TREATMENT: A SINGLE CASE STUDY}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Cognitive-analytical treatment of borderline personality disorder focuses on the process of reformulating the target problem, and its relationship to the patient's current problems. By reducing the confusion and mental occupations of patients, it causes improvement and also empowers the patient to reveal the origin and how to deal with harmful processes. The present study investigated the effectiveness of this treatment on the improvement and reduction of borderline personality disorder symptoms in affected soldiers. Materials & Methods: This study was performed in the framework of an experimental design of multiple stepped baselines, with a treatment process of 16 sessions and a one- and three-month follow-up period on three soldiers. The Borderline Personality Scale (STB, 2001), the Graz and Roemer Emotion Difficulty Regulation Questionnaire (2), and the Barat Impulse Scale (BIS) were used as research tools. Results: The results showed that improvement in the subscales of borderline personality disorder was evident, and the overall improvement rate was obtained among the three patients (approximately 80%), which indicated the effectiveness of cognitive-analytical therapy in reducing the symptoms of the disorder. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that cognitive-analytical psychotherapy has been effective in reducing symptoms, so that treatment caused significant changes in the symptoms of all three soldiers and the effect of treatment continued until the follow-up period.}, Keywords = {Borderline Personality Disorder, Cognitive-Analytical Psychotherapy, Change Evaluation, Individual Case Study}, volume = {32}, Number = {7}, pages = {500-515}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.7.500}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5293-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5293-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Fadavidimaqani, Gholamreza and Satvatqasriki, Hassan and Mekailimanie, Farzane and Emami, Ahmad and Rashidi, Asghar}, title = {INVESTIGATING THE PREVALENCE OF MENTAL DISORDERS AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN WEST AZERBAIJAN PROVINCE}, abstract ={Background & Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of mental disorders among high school students in West Azerbaijan Province. Materials & Methods: The research method was descriptive-cross-sectional. The statistical population consisted of 133060 subjects (71906 boys and 61154 girls) who were students of the first secondary school in the province. Of these, 800 students were selected as the research sample using multi-stage cluster sampling and completed the Akhenbach Behavior List (YSR) and they were interviewed by a clinical psychologist with semi-structured diagnostic tools (K-SADS-PL). Results: In this study, various descriptive indicators (percentage, mean and standard deviation), and statistical test of chi-square were used to analyze the research questions. The results showed that the overall prevalence of mental disorders in West Azerbaijan province was 16.99%. The prevalence of mental disorders in the city was 17.82% and in the village, it was 16.6%, in girls it was 18.51% and in boys, it was 15.94%. Also, the prevalence of emotional problems was 4.37%, anxiety was 6.12%, physical problems was 2.25%, ADHD was 1.75%, confronting disobedience was 1.5% and conduct disorder was 1% (p≤0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of psychiatric disorders is high in first-grade students of West Azerbaijan province. Given this prevalence, it is essential to conduct etiological studies for highly prevalent disorders. Also, health systems, in collaboration with education, should design and implement prevention programs for all the students.}, Keywords = {prevalence, mental disorders, emotional problems, anxiety, physical problems, ADHD, Confronting disobedience, Conduct disorder}, volume = {32}, Number = {7}, pages = {516-524}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.7.516}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5226-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5226-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Baghal-Sadriforoush, Sahar and Bagheri, Morteza and Abdirad, Isa and Sotoodehnejadnematalahi, Fattah}, title = {AN EVALUATION OF MELATONIN INFLUENCE ON SENSITIVITY TO CISPLATIN THROUGH EXPRESSION OF SURVIVIN, XIAP, CASPASE-3, AND AKT GENES IN OVCAR3 OVARIAN CANCER CELLS}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer and the fifth most common cause of death among women worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to find new drugs that increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs and the possibility of using them in lower doses, which leads to a reduction in side effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of melatonin on the expression of XIAP, Survivin, AKT, and caspase 3 genes in order to increase cisplatin sensitivity in cultured OVCAR3 cells. Materials & Methods: In this study, OVCAR3 cells with different concentrations of melatonin (0.001, 0.312, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5,10 μM) and different concentrations of cisplatin (0.001, 0.937, 1.875, 3.75, 7.5, 15 μM) were cultivated at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Then, cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay. Real-time PCR test was performed to evaluate the relative gene expression level of XIAP, Survivin, AKT, and caspase 3 genes in control, melatonin, cisplatin, and a combination of melatonin and cisplatin groups. Results: The results of this study showed that melatonin inhibits the proliferation of cultured OVCAR3 cells based on a dose and time-dependent mechanism. The results of analysis showed that there is a significant increase in the gene expression level of caspase 3 regarding melatonin and melatonin-cisplatin groups. Also, the expression of Survivin apoptosis inhibitor gene in melatonin-cisplatin combination group decreased (borderline difference). There were no significant changes in tested groups regarding relative gene expression of Xiap and Akt. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that OVCAR3 cells became more sensitive to cisplatin in the presence of melatonin. It can be used to manage patients with ovarian cancer.  }, Keywords = {Melatonin, Cisplatin, OVCAR3 cell line, Caspase 3, XIAP, Survivin, AKT}, volume = {32}, Number = {7}, pages = {525-536}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.7.525}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5589-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5589-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Abbasi, ّFariba and Javanmard, Farzaneh and Esmaielfam, Mahs}, title = {EVALUATION OF THE HISTOPATHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF GASTROINTESTINAL TUMORS IN ENDOSCOPY SAMPLES IN URMIA IMAM KHOMEINI HOSPITAL}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Cancer is the most common cause of death in developing and developed countries, accounting for nearly 13% of world death. In Iran, gastrointestinal cancers are common. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the gastrointestinal tract tumors in Urmia Imam Khomeini hospital. Material & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, pathology reports of 741 patients with gastrointestinal tumor were evaluated. Results: Of 741 reported tumor, 705 cases (95.14%) were malignant, 36 cases (4.85%) were benign. 61.8% of patients with malignant tumors were men and 38.1% were women. The mean age of patients with malignant tumors was 60.2±13.35 and the mean age of patients with benign tumors was 47.7±10.49. The most abundant malignant tumor was adenocarcinoma with 481 cases (68.22%) followed by squamous cell carcinoma with 137 cases (19.43%) and the most frequent benign tumor was lipoma(52.7% of cases). The malignant tumors were observed mostly in the ages of 71 or higher (232 cases (32.9%)). In the evaluation of anatomical location of the malignant tumors, in esophagus, the precise location was not reported in most cases (63.7%). In the stomach, the cardia with 29.27%, in the small intestine, the duodenum with 66.6%, and in the colorectal region, the rectum with 41.9% were the most involved locations. Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that the most abundant malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract was adenocarcinoma and the most abundant benign tumor was lipoma. Malignant tumors were observed mostly in men while benign tumors were mostly observed in women. The high frequency of malignant tumors in the ages of 71 and higher indicates the importance of early-onset screening for the prevention of malignant tumors in older ages.}, Keywords = {Cancer, gastrointestinal tract, anatomical location, adenocarcinoma}, volume = {32}, Number = {7}, pages = {537-547}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.7.537}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5411-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5411-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Hatamkhani, Shima and Tajeri, Akbar and Shiva, Afshin and ValizadehHassanlouei, Mohammad Amin and Sharifi, Hamdollah}, title = {DETERMINATION OF THE PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL OUTCOME OF STRESS-INDUCED HYPERGLYCEMIA IN ICU OF IMAM KHOMEINI HOSPITAL, URMIA}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Over the past decade, inpatient hyperglycemia has become a major focus, due to its association with increased mortality, hospitalization complications, and its negative economic impact. Patients with hyperglycemia have greater mortality, postoperative stroke, and longer length of stay. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hyperglycemia and its therapeutic approach in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was perfumed in the ICU of Imam Khomeini Educational Hospital in Urmia in 2016-2017. According to sample size determination, about 120 patients who were admitted to ICU for more than 24 hours were enrolled. The AACE / ADA 2009 guideline was used as a standard for hyperglycemic stress control. Results: The records of 120 non-diabetic patients were studied for stress-induced hyperglycemia. The rate of stress-induced hyperglycemia was 19.2%. The mean age of the patients was 39 ± 24 years. The most common cause of hospitalization in ICU was traumatic problems (37.5%). About 57% of patients with hyperglycemia received intravenous feeding, 60.9% received corticosteroids, and 39.1% received vasopressor. Twenty-one (86.9%) patients used the SSI method and 3 (13.1%) used the infusion technique. The mortality rate was 35% for the patients admitted and 60.9% for patients with hyperglycemia. Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of hyperglycemia in the ICU was similar and relatively high in almost the same studies. Therefore, it seems that 6-hour blood glucose control has a better effect than once a day. In this study, most patients received SSI insulin for controlling hyperglycemia, while according to AACE / ADA 2009 guideline, the insulin infusion method is more appropriate. Therefore, in order to reduce hypoglycemia and mortality, it is recommended to use the insulin infusion technique to control hyperglycemia.}, Keywords = {Stress-induced Hyperglycemia, ICU, Mortality, Sliding Scale Insulin, Insulin Infusion, AACE / ADA 2009 guidelines}, volume = {32}, Number = {7}, pages = {548-557}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.7.548}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-4810-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-4810-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Zeinali, Ahad and Kargar, Niloofar}, title = {COMPARISON OF THE PERFORMANCE OF MONTE-CARLO AND COLLAPSED CONE ALGORITHMS USED IN MONACO TREATMENT PLANNING SYSTEM IN PREDICTING CARDIOPULMONARY COMPLICATIONS DUE TO THE LEFT BREAST RADIOTHERAPY}, abstract ={Background & Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of dose calculation algorithms used in the Monaco treatment planning system to predict cardiopulmonary complications due to left breast radiotherapy. Materials & Methods: Three-dimensional dose distribution of 21 patients with left breast cancer was prepared by two-dose calculation algorithms (CC and MC) with the same unit monitor. Cardiopulmonary complications due to radiation therapy in these patients were evaluated by different radiobiological models as well as various parameters extracted from previous studies using MATLAB software. In this study, MC dose calculation is considered as benchmark data. Algorithms, Friedman nonparametric test, and Wilcoxon test were used for statistical comparison of the obtained results. Results: For both dose calculation algorithms, the value of TCP was estimated to be acceptable, with the same parameter being higher for the Poisson model than for the Niemierko model. The difference in NTCP for CC and MC algorithms for pulmonary pneumonitis, pericarditis, and cardiac mortality is not statistically significant by most parameters. Conclusion: Both dose calculation algorithms estimate the TCP value as acceptable and the NTCP calculated by these two algorithms is close to the expected NTCP value. The value obtained for TCP, and NTCP depends on the radiobiological parameters used in the mathematical formula and the amount of dose extracted from the dose calculation algorithms.}, Keywords = {Treatment Planning System, Breast Cancer, Dose Calculation Algorithm, Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP), Tumor Control Probability (TCP)}, volume = {32}, Number = {7}, pages = {558-571}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.7.558}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5434-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5434-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {SakiHosseini, Maasomeh and Doosti, Abbas and Pezeshki, Mil}, title = {GENERATION OF A GENE CONSTRUCT TO SIPA GENE DELETION OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Salmonella Typhimurium is a negative-gram, non-spore, free capsule, moving bacteria with Trish Perry flagella. Salmonella is the most common cause of food poisoning. The ability to enter and survive in host cells is the condition for pathogenic Salmonella species. Proteins of invasive Salmonella are transferred to the host cells by bacteria. This study was performed for generation of a gene construct to SipA gene deletion of Salmonella Typhimurium and its cloning in E.Coli bacteria. Materials & Methods: This laboratory study was conducted in biotechnology research center of Islamic Azad University Shahrekord Branch from September 2017 to May 2018. In this study, 5' and 3' sequence of SipA gene was amplified by the specific primers and PCR method. Then, each of these sequences was cloned by the T/A cloning method in pGEM-Teasy vector and then was transformed into E.Coli bacteria. Using the PCR method, the part related to each region was amplified and confirmed. The final confirmation of the produced construct was performed by the Xbal and Xhol enzymes. Results: The results indicated the successful cloning of the target gene in E.Coli and generation of a gene construct with a length of the 1520 bp. Also, pET32 vector with a length of 5900 bp was the best vector for the admission construct. Conclusion: Based on the results, it seems that by inserting a gene, the damaged gene can be deleted and it can be used in the future research as a gene vaccine against Salmonellosis. Also, the target gene can be deleted with electroporation method and transferred into Salmonella Typhimurium, and due to the similarities between upstream and downstream gene sequences of sipA and Kan genes, homologous recombination between these two genes can occur and pathogenic genes will be removed.}, Keywords = {SalmonellaTyphimurium, gene construct, E.Coli, T/A cloning, SipA}, volume = {32}, Number = {8}, pages = {572-580}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.8.572}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5412-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5412-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Gozali, Parisa and Zeinalzadeh, Narges and KhalajKondari, Mohammad and Ardalan, Mohammad Reza and Farzamikia, Negi}, title = {EVALUATION OF THE ASSOCIATION OF MICA RS1051792 POLYMORPHISM AND CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is one of the most prevalent infections among kidney transplant recipients. Due to the use of immunosuppressive medications in kidney transplant recipients, their immune system is low and complications of CMV infection such as transplant rejection are observed in them. The MICA gene encodes a stress-related protein that is involved in responding to the virus in virus-infected cells and cancer. One of the single nucleotide polymorphisms of the MICA gene is rs1051792. This polymorphism leads to a non-synonymous mutation which classifies the MICA alleles into strong (MICA-129 Met) and weak (MICA-129 Val) binders of the NKG2D receptor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between MICA rs1051792 polymorphism and susceptibility to cytomegalovirus infection in kidney transplant recipients in the northwest of Iran. Materials & Methods: This study included 51 cytomegalovirus-infected kidney transplant recipients as cases and 50 kidney transplant recipients without cytomegalovirus infection as control subjects. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP technique. Results: The percentage of frequencies of the genotypes AA, AG, GG was 17.64%, 45.09%, and 37.25% in the cases and 16%, 48%, and 36% in the control group, respectively. The statistical analysis did not indicate significant differences between the case and control groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results do not support the association between MICA rs1051792 and susceptibility to cytomegalovirus infection in kidney transplant recipients. Findings emphasize the need to evaluate other candidates of the genetic polymorphisms in the study population.}, Keywords = {cytomegalovirus infection, kidney transplant, rs1051792, MICA gene, MICA-129Met/Val}, volume = {32}, Number = {8}, pages = {581-588}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.8.581}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5632-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5632-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Karami, Hossein and Salehifar, Ebrahim and Daghmechi, Fatemeh and Naderisorki, Mohamm}, title = {THE EFFECT OF ZINC GLUCONATE MOUTHWASH ON THE PREVENTION OF MUCOSITIS FOLLOWING HIGH-DOSE METHOTREXATE IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Inflammation of the oral mucosa is called mucositis, which is a common complication of non-surgical cancer treatments. Some previous studies have considered zinc to be suitable for preventing and reducing the course of oral mucositis. Due to the very high prevalence of this phenomenon, this study aimed to investigate the effect of zinc on the mucosal phenomenon. Materials & Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 47 children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) who were treated with a high dose of methotrexate. Twenty-five patients were included in the group receiving mouthwash containing zinc gluconate and 22 patients were in the control group receiving mouthwash without zinc. Patients were examined for mucositis on days 3 and 7 after starting methotrexate treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software. Results: The incidence of mucositis during treatment with methotrexate was significantly lower in the zinc group than in the placebo group. Results of mucositis severity on the third day of treatment showed that in the study group lower grades of mucositis were observed while higher grades of mucositis were observed in placebo group. In the zinc group, no patient had grade 3 and 4 of mucositis. The rate of nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in the zinc mouthwash group. There was no significant difference in hematological status between the two groups. Fluid nutrition was significantly higher in zinc group but solid nutrition was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Findings showed that the use of zinc mouthwash significantly reduced the incidence, course, and severity of mucositis during chemotherapy.  }, Keywords = {mucositis, leukemia, methotrexate, zinc}, volume = {32}, Number = {8}, pages = {589-596}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.8.589}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5582-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5582-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Eftekhari, Amirhossein and Ezlegini, Fateme and Firoozray, Mohse}, title = {DETERMINATION OF SERUM LEVEL OF SELENOPROTEIN P AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH SERUM LEVEL OF GLUCOSE AND LIPID PARAMETERS AS A CASE-CONTROL STUDY}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive failure of pancreatic beta-cell function. Selenoprotein P (SelP) ​​plays an important role in selenium homeostasis in the body and prevents oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to determine the SelP level and oxidative stress indices in serum type 2 diabetic patients and also to determine their correlation with glucose and lipid parameters. Materials & Methods: One hundred subjects were recruited in current study, including 50 T2DM patients and 50 age, sex and BMI matched healthy controls. Blood samples were collected from all subjects. The serum SelP level was measured using ELISA kit. Serum levels of HbA1c, FBS, and lipid parameters were evaluated by autoanalyzer. In order to evaluate the serum samples for oxidative stress, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured based on ferric ion reduction by Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) method. Malondialdehyde was measured by fluorimetric method. Results: The results showed that serum SelP level in type 2 diabetes was significantly higher than control group (p <0.001). Also, serum levels of TAC in the patient group decreased while levels of MDA increased significantly (p <0.001). There was a significant and direct correlation between serum SelP concentration and HbA1C, FBS, TG, VLDL-C, and MDA levels and a significant and inverse relationship between the serum concentration of SelP and serum TAC levels. Also, the TAC serum levels have a reverse and significant correlation with HbA1C, FBS, TG, VLDL-C, and TC levels. Findings showed that the serum levels of MDA have a direct and significant correlation with HbA1C, FBS, TG, and VLDL-C levels. Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study showed that the serum level of SelP in subjects with type 2 diabetes is higher than healthy subjects, and correlates with hyperglycemic indices such as HbA1c and FBS, as well as some lipid indices (such as TG and VLDL-C) which can indicate the probable role of SelP in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Also, for the first time, findings demonstrated that serum SelP correlates with oxidative stress markers (MDA and TAC) that can indicate the probable role of SelP in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes through oxidative stress pathways.}, Keywords = {Type 2 Diabetes, Oxidative Stress, Selenoprotein P, Lipid Parameters}, volume = {32}, Number = {8}, pages = {597-606}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.8.597}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5502-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5502-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Ghaffari, Maryam and Haddadi, Mohammad and Maleki, Parisa and Sanadgol, Nim}, title = {EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE AND ACTIVATION OF PROTEIN KINASE RNA-LIKE ER KINASE (PERK) IN A TRANSGENIC MODEL OF ALZHEIMER DISEASE}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the main form of dementia and neurodegenerative disorder among the elderly. In this study, we evaluated the activation of protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) by monitoring the expression patterns of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) during aging in a transgenic Alzheimer's model. Materials & Methods: The human beta-amyloid (hAβ42) mutant gene was expressed in Drosophila by GAL4/UAS system and male flies with UAS-Aβ42 were mated with elav-GAL4 or Ok107-GAL4 female to model AD. The model was confirmed by assessment of performance learning index (PLI) of larvae from first-generation (Ok107) and adult fly’s eyes structure (elav). The expression of ATF4 was evaluated on the 10th, 20th, and 30th days by real-time PCR. Results: The AD model was confirmed by decreasing PLI of larvae (p < 0.05) and degeneration of fly’s eyes structure (p < 0.01). We declined the activity of the GAL4-UAS system by temperature reduction (18 °C) in the first 10 days to decrease neurotoxicity and expression of hAβ42 (p < 0.05) and have the relevant model with maximum toxicity in the adult brain. Expression of ATF4 was similarly upregulated (p < 0.01) in both ages (20 and 30) of the model flies compared to the control group. Conclusion: Given that hAβ42-induced over-expression of ATF4 is the same in different age periods and because PERK signaling is the main source of ATF4 expression, we could conclude that aging is unable to influence the activation of PERK signaling in our model. Further complimentary molecular studies will warrant the possible effects of aging in the activation of other unfolded protein response (IRE1 and ATF6) pathways during AD.}, Keywords = {Alzheimer’s disease, Drosophila melanogaster, Human beta-amyloid, ATF4}, volume = {32}, Number = {8}, pages = {607-618}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.8.607}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5371-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5371-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Shahhosseini, Soroush and Ravasi, Aliasghar and Nouri, Rez}, title = {SIRTUIN 6 GENE EXPRESSION AND TELOMERE LENGTH CHANGES IN OLD RAT HEPATOCYTES AFTER 6 WEEKS SWIMMING EXERCISE AND RESVERATROL SUPPLEMENTATION FEEDING}, abstract ={Background & Aims: telomere erosion is considered to be the main cause of aging. The present study aimed to determine the interactive effect of high-intense interval training and resveratrol consumption on telomere length and expression sirtuin 6 genes of hepatocytes in elderly rats. Materials & Methods: 25 Wistar male rats were divided into 5 groups. 1. Control group that did not exercise, 2. The solvent group that only received the solvent, 3. Exercise actively group that swam 20 seconds with 10 seconds rest in 6 weeks and 3 sessions per week, 4. Supplement group that received resveratrol 10 ml/kg per day, and 5. Combination of exercise and supplement goup that uses combination of exercise and supplement. Quantitative Real time PCR was used to measure the expression levels of sirtuin 6 gene and telomere length. For data analysis, One-way analysis of variance, and tukey tests were done usingSPSS 25 software. Results: Resveratrol consumption and exercise significantly increased telomere length compared to control in order (P=0.000, 0.001) and solvent (p=0.007, 0.004) groups, respectively. The expression of the sirtuin 6 gene was not affected by resveratrol (0.984), while exercise increased the expression of the sirtuin 6 gene (0.013). The combination of resveratrol supplementation and exercise did not double telomere length (0.395) and sirtuin 6 expression (0.502). Conclusion: The interaction of very  high-intensity interval training and resveratrol supplementation does not double the expression of the sirtuin 6 gene and telomere length of old rat liver cells. The molecular mechanism for slowing telomere erosion is probably complex and unaffected by mentioned concurrent interventions.}, Keywords = {High Intense Interval training, Resveratrol Supplement, Telomere Length, Sirtuin 6, Aging, hepatocytes}, volume = {32}, Number = {8}, pages = {619-630}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.8.619}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5571-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5571-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Vazifekhah, Shabnam and yagobbagi, Parisa and Alinejad, Vahi}, title = {DETERMINATION OF THE ROLE OF MATERNAL SERUM PAPP-A LEVEL IN PREDICTING PREGNANCY OUTCOME}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Considering the complications of pregnancy such as abortion, preeclampsia, preterm delivery and intrauterine death, identifying mothers who are at risk of pregnancy complications can help control and improve pregnancy outcomes. The goal of this perinatal care study was to achieve good pregnancy outcomes that considered maternal health and good fetal outcomes. Materials & Methods: In the present case-control study, 400 pregnant women who were referred to the prenatal clinics of Motahari Hospital in Urmia in the second half of 1398 and the first half of 1399, as well as mothers who were in the first 3 months of pregnancy, were selected and included in the study. They were divided into two groups of 200. The case group consisted of 200 mothers with a serum PAPP-A level of less than 0.4 and no aspirin. The control group also included 200 mothers with serum PAPP-A levels higher than 0.4. Pregnancy complications including preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, placental abruption, fetal growth restriction and intrauterine death were compared between groups. Results:  The results of this study showed that preeclampsia due to PTL (Preterm Labor) (P = 0.001) and also due to IUFD (Intrauterine Fetal Death) (P = 0.049) had a significant relationship with low serum PAPP-A, while Low serum PAPP-A level was not significantly associated with preeclampsia, IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction) and gestational hypertension. Conclusions: Measurement of serum PAPP-A alone  cannot predict pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, IUGR, and preterm delivery, and it seems that should be considered along with other clinical and paraclinical indices that are useful in predicting these complications in pregnant mothers.}, Keywords = {Pregnancy, Case study, Serum PAPP-A level}, volume = {32}, Number = {8}, pages = {631-637}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.8.631}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5504-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5504-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Valizadeh, Rohollah and Pazouki, Abdolreza and Rokhgireh, Samaneh and SolaymaniDodaran, Masoud and Kermansaravi, Mohamm}, title = {SINGLE ANASTOMOSIS SLEEVE ILEAL BYPASS; AN EFFICIENT BARIATRIC SURGICAL PROCEDURE}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Single anastomosis sleeve ileal bypass (SASI) is one of the new surgical methods for morbid obese and diabetic patients. In this method, a combination of gastric sleeves and gastric bypass is performed, which has shown better results in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes by increasing insulin secretion from the pancreas and decreasing the body's insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the effects of this method in the treatment of morbid obesity and comorbidities. Materials & Methods: In this systematic review, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google scholar databases with English keywords of single- anastomosis sleeve ileal bypass, SASI, obesity, diabetes, and bariatric bypass surgery were used until October 1, 2021. Due to the novelty of this surgical procedure, there was only 7 articles. Results: In evaluating the effects of SASI surgical method in patients with morbid obesity, the results showed that fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, body mass index and hemoglobin A1C in the one-year follow-up were significantly changed (P=0.05). Comorbidities, such as diabetes and high blood pressure, usually improved. Conclusion: SASI by-pass surgery is an effective, safe and simple method for the treatment of morbid obesity and comorbidities and has fewer nutritional side effects. The presence of two food passageways following SASI makes it possible to reduce malnutrition.It also allows the examination of digestive problems by endoscopy.. Therefore, it is an ideal way to reduce both weight and comorbidities.}, Keywords = {Single Anastomosis Sleeve Ileal Bypass, SASI, Obesity, Diabetes, Bariatric Surgery}, volume = {32}, Number = {8}, pages = {638-647}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.8.638}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5681-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5681-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Mousavinezhad, Mirhojat}, title = {THE EFFECT OF AEROBIC TRAINING ON MUSCLE ANGIOGENESIS AND DOWNSTREAM FACTORS OF PI3KR2 PATHWAY IN CARDIAC TISSUE OF DIABETIC RATS}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Regarding the effect of diabetes on vascularization processes, the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on the cardiovascular system have been proven. This study aimed to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on muscle angiogenesis and downstream factors of the PI3KR2 pathway in cardiac tissue of diabetic rats. Materials & Methods: Twenty diabetic male Wistar rats (mean weight, 191.9±10.85) were divided into two groups of control (n=10) and training (n=10) and the groups were matched based on weight. 48 hours after the last training session, cardiac tissue samples were taken after an overnight fast. Immunohistochemistry (alkaline phosphatase activity) was used to measure the cardiac muscle capillary density. Also, AKT and eNOS proteins were measured by ELISA method. Results: Independent t-test showed that 8-week aerobic training significantly increased the capillary density (p=0.018) and also caused a significant increase in the expression of AKT and eNOS proteins as compared to control group (p=0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated the development of angiogenesis by aerobic exercise in diabetic conditions. According to the results of this study, it can be expressed that aerobic exercise can be used as a non-drug treatment to improve heart perfusion in diabetic patients.}, Keywords = {Aerobic exercise, Angiogenesis, Downstream PI3KR2, Type 2 diabetes}, volume = {32}, Number = {9}, pages = {648-659}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.9.648}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5134-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5134-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Payandeh, Abolfazl and Nakhjavanpour, Neda and Azizi, Hajar and Khezrzadeh, Soraya and Mahjoob, Monireh and Rakhshandadi, Tahereh}, title = {EVALUATION OF SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE REFRACTION AGREEMENTS IN MYOPIC INDIVIDUALS REFERRED TO RAZMJOU-MOGHADDAM CLINIC IN ZAHEDAN, 2018}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Refraction, which is an essential component of vision care, is the determination of the amount of refractive error in the eyes. According to the existence of deprivation in different regions and the high prevalence of myopia, this study aimed to estimate and compare the agreement among three refraction methods including subjective and objective (autorefraction and retinoscopy). Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 80 myopic individuals (160 eyes) referred to Razmjou-Moghaddam Clinic in Zahedan City from April to July in 2018 using a convenience sampling method. Visual acuity was first measured with a Snellen chart with and without correction and then the refractive error was determined by subjective refraction method using trial frame and objective refraction by autorefraction and retinoscope. The agreement between the parameters of sphere and astigmatism and the astigmatism axis between the three methods was calculated using the intra-class correlation coefficient index. P-value less than 5% was considered as a significant level. Results: The mean age was 23.0±4.1 years. Most of the participants were female (70%). Also, most of them were students (87.5%). Participants had, on average, 0.6±2.8 hours of near-eye work per day. The agreements between the three methods in measuring the spherical power of refractive errors, power, and cylinder axis were estimated to be 99%, 89%, and 69%, respectively, which were statistically significant (p<0.001). Furthermore, the mean power of the sphere was estimated to be more negative by the autorefraction method than the subjective refraction and retinoscope. Conclusion: According to the high prevalence of myopia, the existence of deprivation in different regions of Sistan-and-Baluchestan province, and based on the available facilities, it seems that the subjective refraction method can be used as an alternative to objective refraction methods for evaluation of the refractive errors.}, Keywords = {Myopia, Subjective Refraction, Objective Refraction}, volume = {32}, Number = {9}, pages = {660-666}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.9.660}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5610-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5610-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Vazifekhah, Shabnam and Bahadori, Fatemeh and Rasouli, Javad and Arianfar, Niloufar}, title = {DETERMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AMNIOTIC FLUID GLUCOSE LEVEL AND MATERNAL BMI, FETAL BIRTH WEIGHT, AND MATERNAL BLOOD SUGAR IN MOTHERS UNDERGOING SECOND-TRIMESTER GENETIC AMNIOCENTESIS: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Early diagnosis of gestational diabetes and subsequent treatment plays a vital role in preventing the consequences of pregnancy. According to the results of previous studies about the increase in amniotic fluid glucose levels following gestational diabetes, this study aimed to determine the relationship between amniotic fluid glucose level and maternal BMI, fetal birth weight, and maternal blood glucose in mothers undergoing second-trimester genetic amniocentesis. Materials & Methods: This study is a prospective cohort design performed on 115 pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis in the second-trimester of pregnancy at Kowsar Obstetrics and Gynecology Center. Data were collected using a checklist that assesses the initial demographic characteristics of individuals, including maternal age, severity, parity, gestational age, maternal weight and height, BMI, macrosomic birth history, history of preterm delivery, and abortion. The validity and reliability of the checklist were previously confirmed by the professors of the obstetrics and gynecology and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: The results of the present study showed that amniotic fluid glucose has a positive and significant correlation with age, fasting blood sugar, amniotic fluid volume, and birth weight of the fetus. Also, pregnant mothers with gestational diabetes had higher fasting blood sugar, fetal birth weight, amniotic fluid volume, and amniotic fluid glucose and had a significant difference with non-patients. Conclusion: With all the limitations of the present study, the results showed that amniotic fluid glucose could be used as a factor in the follow-up and consideration of pregnant mothers for gestational diabetes and fetal birth weight.}, Keywords = {Gestational diabetes, Amniotic fluid glucose, Birth weight, Maternal blood sugar}, volume = {32}, Number = {9}, pages = {667-673}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.9.667}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5612-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5612-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Pashaiasl, Maryam and Pashaei-asl, Roghiyeh and Paknejad, Maliheh}, title = {THE APPLICATION OF AMNIOTIC FLUID-DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL-CONDITIONED MEDIUM IN CANCER TREATMENT}, abstract ={Currently, chemotherapy and surgery are the main strategies in the clinical treatment of cancer. However, the side effects of chemotherapy drugs on normal tissues affect the quality of a patient’s life. In addition, the resistance of the cancer cells to anticancer drugs limits the therapeutic effects. Therefore, the discovery of new treatments to improve cancer therapy is required. In recent years, many studies have shown the potential inhibitory effects of mesenchymal stem cells in cancer progression. Human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells (hAFMSCs) are the unique type of human mesenchymal stem cells that are suitable for some human diseases. Furthermore, recently there are investigations on the anticancer effects of these types of cells. Conditioned medium of mesenchymal stem cells has more advantages than stem cells, such as being easy to produce, package, freeze, and transport, which can lead to drug production. As a result, the conditioned media of amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells can be a beneficial candidate for cancer treatment.}, Keywords = {Amniotic fluid, Mesenchymal stem cell, Cancer, Conditioned medium}, volume = {32}, Number = {9}, pages = {674-683}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.9.674}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5682-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5682-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Mahmodlou, Rahim and Roydel, Fatemeh and Rivaz, Bahare and Moradi, Mahboobeh and Khalilpour, Abbas and Mobaraki, Kazhal and Ahmadzadeh, Jamal and Yousefiazar, Awat}, title = {Traumatic Rupture of a Latent Lung Hydatid Cyst and Drowning and Asphyxia with Hydatid Fluid in a 5-year-old Boy, 2021: A Case Report}, abstract ={Lung involvement is a common presentation of Hydatid disease in children. In addition, giant Hydatid cyst is common in children due to parenchymal elasticity of their lungs. In this study, we presented a case of giant Hydatid cyst that was ruptured following trauma through car accident and lung drowning with Hydatid fluid in a 5-year-old boy. Case presentation: Our patient was a 5-year-old boy who was injured in a car accident. He had full signs and symptoms of obvious respiratory failure. Based on chest X-ray, the primary diagnosis was congenital pulmonary cyst, so a chest tube was placed for decompression. By evaluation of the chest CT-scan, we detected a communicating rupture of Hydatid cyst. Despite full conservative treatment, patient’s condition was exacerbated. Therefore, we decided to perform surgical intervention for removing the pressure of the cyst on lung. The patient’s condition did not improve. Unfortunately, the patient had cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation was not successful and we lost the patient. Conclusion: Chest trauma is common in traumatic patients and pleural effusion, empyema, and pneumothorax may occur for a variety of reasons. Various factors can cause these symptoms, and among all the possible causes, the physician should consider the possibility of a ruptured Hydatid cyst following trauma to the lung as one of the differential diagnoses, especially in endemic areas with higher prevalence of Hydatid disease. In the present case, cyst rupture and subsequent drowning and asphyxia with cyst fluid were the main causes of mortality.  }, Keywords = {Lung Hydatid Cyst, Traumatic Rupture Cyst, Asphyxia, Chemical Pneumonitis}, volume = {32}, Number = {9}, pages = {684-690}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.9.684}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5600-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5600-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Rezabakhsh, Aysa and Rahbarghazi, Rez}, title = {PUTATIVE ROLE OF STEM CELLS IN THE ALLEVIATION OF ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; A REVIEW ARTICLE}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Cardiovascular disease is touted as one of the leading casualties in the world and accounts for a third of all deaths. In recent years, stem cells have been introduced as a novel and reliable therapeutic approach for the alleviation of cardiovascular disease. In cell-based therapies, induction of angiogenesis into the ischemic areas is at the center of attention of clinical and basic science specialists. It has been shown that pluripotent stem cells as well as stem cells and progenitor cells drived from tissues like bone marrow are eligible to stimulate angiogenesis to return functionality of ischemic tissues. Materials & Methods: The present study is a descriptive review study and several articles indexed in PubMed, ISI and Scopus databases on the effective role of stem cells from various sources in stimulating angiogenesis in damaged heart tissue based on repair mechanisms. Has been reviewed. In addition, an attempt has been made to effectively explain the ability of stem cells to increase or improve angiogenic status in ischemic conditions in terms of basic molecular mechanisms. Results: The results has been shown that stem cells could increase blood flow to the ischemic region of the heart through secretory (paracrine) methods as well as differentiation into the endothelial cell line and accelerate the healing process of damaged areas. Conclusion: The use of cell therapy-based methods to increase blood flow to the affected areas of the heart is an effective strategy to improve cardiac tissue function.}, Keywords = {Ischemic Heart Disease, Angiogenesis, Stem Cells, Paracrine And Juxtacrine Activity}, volume = {32}, Number = {9}, pages = {691-706}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.9.691}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5578-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5578-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Ahmadi, Nikoo and Jafari, Abbas and Ghasemnejad-Berenji, Morteza and Sadeghpour, Soni}, title = {EVALUATION OF THE PRESCRIPTION PATTERN AND DRUG INTERACTIONS OF NON-STREOIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS IN PATIENTS REFERRED TO TALEGHANI AND IMAM KHOMEINI EDUCATIONAL PHARMACIES IN URMIA IN THE FIRST 6 MONTHS OF 2019}, abstract ={Background & Aims: The prescribing pattern of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has scarcely been studied in Iran. This study aims to evaluate the prescribing pattern of NSAIDs in the prescriptions of the patients who referred to Taleghani and Imam Khomeini educational pharmacies from March 21st to September 22nd, 2019 in order to find a way to reduce their irrational and excessive prescription as well as their serious side effects. Materials & Methods: In this retrospective, cross-sectional study all the prescriptions containing NSAIDs from March 21st to September 22nd, 2019 in Taleghani and Imam Khomeini educational pharmacies were analyzed using the Tebyan software and the drug interactions were determined using the Lexicomp application and the data was collected. Results: Among the overall 47652 prescriptions analyzed in both pharmacies, the most and the least prescribed drug in both pharmacies were the 30 mg/mL ketorolac ampoule and the 250 ml mephenamic acid, respectively. The greatest number of major and moderate interactions between drugs in Imam Khomeini pharmacy were both seen in prescriptions containing the 30mg/mL ketorolac ampoule with the percentages of 41.9% and 32.1%, respectively; and in Taleghani pharmacy the greatest number of both interactions were seen in prescriptions containing the 30mg/1mL ketorolac ampoule with the percentages of 75.2% and 76.6%, respectively. Conclusion: NSAIDs are widely prescribed and a high number of drug interactions are observed in prescriptions containing these drugs. We can conclude from this study that physicians need more attention and education concerning NSAID drug interactions with each other and with other drugs.}, Keywords = {NSAIDs, Hospital Prescriptions, Outpatients, Drug Interactions}, volume = {32}, Number = {9}, pages = {707-714}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.9.707}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5650-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5650-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Abbasi, Ezzatollah and Ghazavi, Ahad and Farahmand, Haniyeh}, title = {Comparative Study of Serum Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Febrile Seizures and Febrile Illnesses Referred to Motahhari Hospital in Urmia}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Febrile Seizure reffered to seizures associated with febrile illness in the absence of central nervous system infection or acute electrolyte disturbance in children without a history of non-febrile seizures. The brain is one of the target tissues for the actions of vitamin D. This steroid hormone plays an important role in the nervous system. The aim of this study was to compare the serum levels of vitamin D in patients with febrile illness and febrile seizures admitted to Motahhari Hospital, Urmia, Iran. Materials & Methods: The present study was a case-control study in which 50 children with febrile seizure were studied as thecase group and 50 children with febrile illness without seizure as the controlgroup. Inclusion criteria for the case group included age 6 months to 5 years, febrile seizure, no nervous system infection, and no electrolyte disturbance. Exclusion criteria were seizures without fever, epilepsy and neurological lesions. Inclusion criteria for the control group were febrile patients admitted to Motahhari Hospital, Urmia, Iran without a history of seizures. Results: Out of 100 patients studied, 51 were boys and 49 were girls. The mean age of the whole study population was 31.5 ± 6.4 months. After comparing two groups, it was found that there was no significant difference between the two groups in anthropometric characteristics. The mean level of vitamin D among febrile patients was 30.83 ± 28.93 and the mean level of vitamin D among febrile seizure patients was 26.18 ± 12.44 ng / dl. There was no significant difference between two groups in this regard. Conclusion: Based on the results of our study, there was no significant difference in the mean level of vitamin D between two groups of febrile patients without seizures and patients with febrile seizures, although the mean level of vitamin D in patients with febrile seizures was in the range defined as deficient.}, Keywords = {Fever, Febrile seizure, Vitamin D}, volume = {32}, Number = {9}, pages = {715-722}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.9.715}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5660-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5660-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Yazdani, Nooshin and Hossini, Seyed Ebrahim and Edalatmanesh, Mohammad Ami}, title = {THE EFFECT OF ALOE VERA HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT ON SPERMATOGENESIS PARAMETERS AND HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE TESTIS OF RATS FED WITH A HIGH-FAT DIET}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Diseases caused by high-fat diets and obesity are now recognized as a health problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of aloe Vera hydroalcoholic extract on spermatogenesis parameters and tissue structure of testis of rats fed with a high-fat diet. Materials & Methods: 40 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (control group (Con), control group fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), and experimental groups 1 to 3 (HFD +150 mg aloe Vera, HFD +300 mg aloe Vera, and HFD + 600 mg aloe Vera(. High-fat emulsion and three doses of aloe Vera were administered orally for 60 days. Finally, after dissection and preparation, testicular tissue was examined histopathologically. The number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, Sertoli, and Leydig cells was counted. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and the means were compared using ANOVA and Post hoc Tukey's test at 0.05%. Results: The results showed a significant decrease in mean of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, and Leydig cells in the group receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) compared to the control group. Aloe Vera extract significantly increased the number of sex cells in the testis. Increasing the dose of aloe Vera to 600 mg/kg further improved histopathological tissue damage. Conclusion: The results of study showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of aloe Vera in mice fed with a high-fat diet significantly reduces the risk of pathological tissue damage in testes and increases fertility by increasing the number of sex cells.}, Keywords = {Aloe Vera, hydroalcoholic extract, High fat diet, Spermatogenesis, testis}, volume = {32}, Number = {10}, pages = {723-736}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.10.723}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5619-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5619-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Ghazavi, Ahad and Abbasi, Ezzatollah and Shiri, Leil}, title = {EVALUATION OF CLINICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF STATUS EPILEPTICUS AT URMIA MOTAHARI PEDIATRICS HOSPITAL DURING 2011-2019}, abstract ={Background & Aims Seizure is a chronic neurological disease and a disorder of the nervous system caused by severe and sudden electrical discharge of neural cells. Status epilepticus is defined as any generalized tonic-colonic seizures lasting more than 5 minutes, any focal seizures lasting more than 10 minutes, and recurrent seizures without returning to baseline between periods of seizures. This study was designed and conducted to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics of children with status epilepticus admitted to Motahari Hospital in Urmia during 2011-2019. Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive-retrospective study. All the files having the following criteria were included in the study: having a full record of patients' data, all the paraclinical studies performed, having a final diagnosis of status epilepticus, and having the age less than 18 years. History of epilepsy in the patient and first-degree relatives, and the patient's demographic information were recorded in the checklist. Results: The results of this study showed that the mean age and birth weight of patients with status epilepticus in Urmia Shahid Motahari Hospital was 37.49 months and 3046.30 grams, respectively. About 47% of patients had a previous history of epilepsy, 28.3% of parents were relative, 18.3% had a family history of epilepsy, 51.1% had a positive history of neurological disorder, and 8.7% had a positive history of non-neurological disorder. Boys were affected more than girls. EEG abnormality was the most common abnormal paraclinical finding (32.9%). Most of the patients had fever (74.9%) and the majority of seizures were manifested as generalized ones (82.6%). The mortality rate among these patients was 12.3%. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the deceased patients were significantly younger than the discharged individuals. Males outnumbered females in our study.}, Keywords = {Status epilepticus, Children, Demographic and clinical features}, volume = {32}, Number = {10}, pages = {737-744}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.10.737}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5673-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5673-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Khanmohamadighane, Fahime and Ahmadi, Abbas and Imani, Mehdi and ShalizarJalali, Ali}, title = {EVALUATION OF IN VITRO FERTILIZATION POTENTIAL AND SPERM PARAMETERS IN ACRYLAMIDE TREATED MICE}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Today, with lifestyle changes, the tendency to use packaged food, street food, and fast food has increased, and most of them contain Acrylamide. One of the most important side effects of Acrylamide is toxicity in the reproductive system. In this study, the long-term effects of Acrylamide on in Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and sperm parameters were investigated. Materials & Methods: Sixteen male mice (age: 6-8 weeks) were divided into two groups. The control group received normal saline (0.2ml/day) and the treatment group received Acrylamide (50mg/kg, 0.2ml/day) orally for 45 days. At the end of the term, sperms were extracted from the tail of the epididymis and fertilization process was performed in HTF + 4mgBSA medium and embryonic growth stages were studied during 120 hours of incubation. Also, sperm count, motility, viability, sperm chromatin quality, and DNA integrity were evaluated. Two proportion methods by Minitab software and T­-­Test by SPSS software were used for statistical analysis (p<0.05). Results: There was a significant decrease in the percentage of fertilization, 2 cell-embryos and blastocysts resulting from IVF and a significant increase was observed in the number of arrested embryos in treatment group by Acrylamide compared to the control group (p<0.05). Also in treatment group by Acrylamide, sperm count, motility, and viability of sperms, the number of sperms with DNA damage, abnormal morphology, and with immature nucleus showed a significant increase compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The study showed long-term oral administration of Acrylamide has negative effects on fertility potential and sperm parameters.}, Keywords = {Acrylamide, In Vitro Fertilization, sperm quality, DNA damage, Nucleus maturation, Mice}, volume = {32}, Number = {10}, pages = {745-756}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.10.745}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5656-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5656-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Dadashioranj, Golamreza and Panahi, Alireza and Razegi, Jafar}, title = {IN SILICO INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF LYCOPENE ON THE EXPRESSION OF BRCA1 AND BRCA2 INHIBITOR GENES IN PROSTATE CANCER}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Cancer is a genetic disease that results from mutations in genes that control cell activities. Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancers in men. Surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy are used to treat this disease. These treatments have numerous side effects after treatment, including impotence along with the high cost of treatment. In this study, lycopene was studied as a carotenoid compound synthesized in plants. Lycopene is used by plants and microorganisms to Absorb of light is made during photosynthesis. Lycopene is one of the effective antioxidants used to prevent the growth of cancerous glands. BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins are among tumor inhibitors. These two proteins are associated with various cellular processes such as DNA damage, repair, as well as with transcriptional regulation and chromatin regeneration. Defects in BRCA1 and BRCA2 function lead to defects in DNA repair. This instability in the genome is associated with a variety of breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers. Materials & Methods: In this research project, In Silico method and bioinformatics tools were used to determine the effect of lycopene on the expression of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes effective in prostate cancer, and the changes in the expression of these inhibitory genes have been measured. For this study, high volume gene expression data were obtained from the NCBI database, GEO section. As the raw data were extracted previously using microarray method and published in the NCBI database, so these raw data were used in accordance with the purpose of this study. For optimal analysis of these data, using Matlab software, the expression changes of the desired genes treated with lycopene were investigated. For determination of the communication of these genes with each other and with other effective genes, Cytoscape software has been used. Results: Bioinformatics study of the effect of lycopene on BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes has shown that this combination has an increasing effect on the expression of these inhibitory proteins. therefore, treatment of patients with this combination, the expression of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes has increased. Conclusion: Based on theorical analysis of microarray data, it was concluded that lycopene can be used as a preventive and even a treatment for prostate cancer in terms of its effect on BRCA1 and BRCA2 inhibitor genes.}, Keywords = {BRCA1, BRCA2, Insilico, Microarray, Lycopene, Prostate, Genetic Interaction, Cytoscape}, volume = {32}, Number = {10}, pages = {757-764}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.10.757}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5488-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5488-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Ghadiri, Elnaz and Ahmadi, Rahim and Lashani, Mozhdeh}, title = {EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF IBUPROFEN CYTOTOXIC DOSE ON EXPRESSION LEVEL OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX DEGRADING MMP-9 AND ANTI-METASTASIS NM23 GENES IN CERVICAL CANCER CELLS}, abstract ={Background & Aim: Although studies have shown that ibuprofen has anticancer effects on many cancer cells, the mechanism of the ibuprofen anticancer effect in cancer cells is not still well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cytotoxic concentration of ibuprofen on the expression level of MMP-9 and NM23 genes in cervical cancer cells. Materials & Methods: During this experimental-laboratory study, cervical cancer (Hela) cell line was purchased from Pasteur Institute. The cells were divided into groups treated with 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/ml of ibuprofen and control (untreated) group. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and the expression level of MMP-9 and NM23 genes was evaluated using RT-PCR technique. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA.  Results: 1 and 10 mg / ml of ibuprofen significantly reduced cell viability in Hela cancer cells (P <0.05 and P <0.001, respectively). 1 mg / ml of ibuprofen had no significant effect on MMP-9 gene expression level, however, significantly decreased NM23 gene expression level (P <0.001). Conclusion: Although lower concentrations of ibuprofen have no cytotoxic effects on cervical cancer cells, higher concentrations can reduce viability in cervical cancer cells. High concentration of ibuprofen did not affect the expression level of extracellular matrix degrading (MMP-9) gene, however, it may increase the metastatic potential of cervical cancer cells by reducing the expression level of NM23 anti-metastatic gene.}, Keywords = {Ibuprofen, Survival, MMP-9, NM23, Cervical Cancer}, volume = {32}, Number = {10}, pages = {765-772}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.10.765}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5565-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5565-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Bandarian, Nasim and Rahbarghazi, Reza and Mahdipour, Mahdi and Ahmadi, Mahdi and Rezabakhsh, Aysa and Haiaty, Sanya and Khaksar, Maji}, title = {INHIBITION OF WNT3A DIMINISHED ANGIOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION CAPACITY OF RAT CARDIAC PROGENITOR CELLS}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of human mortality in industrialized and developing societies. Limited restorative ability of of cardiomyocytes after ischemic changes can causes extensive damage lead to prominent chronic heart failure. At present, the application of certain drugs is touted as one of the main available approaches to inhibit the spread of the lesion and to maintain the integrity of the myocardial tissue after infarction. Today, the transplantation of stem cells to restore structure and maintain heart function has opened new hopes for clinicians in human medicine. These cells accelerate the healing process by secreting a variety of factors and differentiation into varient cell lines, including vascular cells. Here, we investigated the inhibitory role of Wnt3a factor on the process of differentiation of rat cardiomyoblast (H9C2) to endothelial cells.   Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, rat cardiomyoblast (H9C2) were expanded in DMEM/HG and exposed to 10 µM LGK-974 (a Wnt3a inhibitor) for 48 hours. The viability of cells was determined using MTT method. The ability to differentiation into endothelial cells was assessed by measuring expression and protein levels of VE-Cadherin and vWF using real-time PCR and western blotting.  Results: The inhibition of Wnt3a in H9C2 cells could significantly reduce cell survival rate after 48 hours compared to the control cells (p<0.05). Based on data, expression and protein levels of VE-Cadherin and vWF were significantly diminished in group incubated with LGK-974 Conclusion: The inhibition of Wnt3a can suppress the angiogenic potential of rat cardio myoblasts  }, Keywords = {Rat Cardiac Progenitor Cells (H9C2), Wnt3a, Survival, Endothelial Differentiation}, volume = {32}, Number = {10}, pages = {773-781}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.10.773}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5683-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5683-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Sharififar, Simintaj and Dadashi, Alireza and Orandi, Amirhossein and ShiriMalekabad, Ebadollah and Khorramnia, Saeed and AlazmaniNoodeh, Farshi}, title = {EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF FAVIPIRAVIR IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19: A REVIEW OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSIS}, abstract ={Background &  Aims: Favipiravir is an antiviral drug that is widely used in patients with Covid-19. The aim of this study was to review the systematic review and meta-analysis studies of Favipiravir in patients with Covid-19. Materials & Methods: An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases until December 2021. In addition, other databases were searched. A manual search of studies and other sources was also conducted to find evidence. The Overview Quality Assessment Questionnaire tool was used to evaluate the quality of articles. Results: Seven systematic review and meta-analysis studies were included in the study. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in mortality between Favipiravir and control groups in the patients with Covid-19. Other findings showed that the rate of clinical improvement was higher in two studies on day 7 in the Favipiravir group than that in the control group, while in another study, no statistically significant difference was found between Favipiravir and the control groups. Other findings of the study showed that negative RT-PCR result rate in four studies in the Favipiravir group was higher than that in the control group, although in one study no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. Also, no difference in mechanical ventilation was found in the favipiravir and control groups. Regarding Side effects, most studies indicated that there was no difference between Favipiravir and control. Conclusion: The results showed that Favipiravir has no effect on mortality and mechanical ventilation and only affects the rate of clinical improvement of patients and negative result for RT-PCR.}, Keywords = {Favipiravir, Efficacy, Safety, systematic Review, Meta-Analysis}, volume = {32}, Number = {10}, pages = {782-792}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.10.782}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5679-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5679-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Sadeghi-Hokmabadi, Elyar and Yazdchi, Mohammad and Mirzaei, Farhad and Sadeghpour, Yalda and Charsouei, Saeid and Jalili, Javad and Fatollahzadeh, Hossein and NematiAnari, Behz}, title = {EVALUATION OF OUTCOME OF CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH MASSIVE ISCHEMIC STROKE WHO HAVE NOT UNDERGONE CRANIECTOMY SURGERY}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Decompressive Craniectomy (DC) is recommended for patients with extensive cerebral infarction. At this study, we aimed to assess the mortality and 3-month outcome of these patients who are not going under DC. Material & Methods: In this prospective descriptive study, all patients referred to Imam Reza Hospital in Urmia, Iran, from 2017-2019 with extensive ischemic stroke with refractory medical edema of the brain who did not undergo surgery were included. Patient’s demographic and other brain stroke-related data were recorded. Patients were evaluated for the improvement of brain stroke symptoms based on the comparison of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) criteria at the time of hospitalization with discharge time and also for the degree of disability and mortality at three months follow-up according to mRS criteria. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 28 patients were enrolled in the study. Median age was 76 years. NIHSS score was 21 at admission and 18 at discharge (p<0.05). Of all 28 patient, 22 (78.6%) died during hospital admission and 24 (85.7%) died up to 3 month follow up. None of the 4 survived patients had a good and independent outcome along the 3-month follow-up (MRS<3). Conclusion: Results of this study showed that in patients with extensive cerebral infarction with edema resistant to medical treatment, fail to perform decompressive craniectomy is associated with a very high mortality rate and poor prognosis.}, Keywords = {Ischemic Stroke, Craniectomy Surgery, Conservative Treatment}, volume = {32}, Number = {10}, pages = {793-798}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.10.793}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5433-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5433-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Jahangiri, Azin and Pashaei, Milad and ghaderi, Faranak and vardast, Mohammadrez}, title = {EVALUATION OF PEG 4000 SOLUTION STABILITY IN DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS OVER THE TWELVE MONTHS}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution is used as a laxative for the treatment of constipation in children. Due to the preparation of this solution as a compounding ingredient and solution instability as well as unavailability of the exact expiration date of compounding ingredients, it is necessary and important to investigate the stability of PEG solution. Materials & Methods: In order to assess the stability of PEG solution, the prepared solutions were stored in various environments (ambient light and temperature, oven, refrigerator and exposed to constant light) for twelve months. Then, they were evaluated for changes in the physical appearance and odor, pH, electrical conductivity, viscosity, refractive index, and microbial contamination over twelve months. Results: No change in color, turbidity and odor as well as no microbial growth was observed among any of the samples during the study period, which indicates no polymer precipitation and no microbial contamination. Moreover, there was almost no change in FTIR spectra of all samples over the study period. Samples stored in the refrigerator underwent significant changes in pH, refractive index and viscosity after three months, while samples stored in the oven and exposed to light underwent significant changes from the first month. Conclusion: Considering the destructive effects of light and temperature on PEG solution stability, which can accelerate the aging process, release organic acids and reduce the pH of the solution, the prepared PEG solutions are recommended to be packaged in dark glass containers (due to incompatibility with many plastic containers), stored at a temperature below 25 ° C (preferably in the refrigerator) and finally used up to one month after product preparation.}, Keywords = {Polyethylene glycol solution, Stability, Viscosity, pH, Microbial contamination}, volume = {32}, Number = {11}, pages = {799-814}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.11.799}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5659-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5659-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Mahmoodzadeh, Hashem and Shadlou, Ne}, title = {INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN URINARY AND SERUM LDH WITH THE SEVERITY OF CORTICAL INVOLVEMENT IN ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common childhood infections that can occur in the lower parts of the urinary tract as cystitis and the upper parts and renal parenchyma as pyelonephritis. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between urinary and serum LDH levels with the severity of cortical involvement in DMSA in children with acute pyelonephritis. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study, all patients with pyelonephritis who were admitted to the nephrology department for the first time with this diagnosis in 2018 were included in this study. The severity of renal involvement in the DMSA scan was defined as follows: grade I= equivocal, grade II =one area, grade III = more than two, and grade IV = global. Urine samples were maintained in the appropriate temperature and up to half an hour after sampling were sent to the laboratory for U/A, U/C, and measurement of urinary LDH. Normal urinary LDH was 4-9 mU / ml with a mean of 10.8 ± 1. Serum LDH was sent at the beginning of hospitalization at the same time as the first blood draw during the first 24 hours. Results: The mean age of patients in this study was 3.85 ± 2.79 years. The majority of patients were girls (95.7%). The mean serum level of LDH in patients was 465.81 ± 153.05 and the urinary level of LDH was 28.68 ± 22.45. There was no significant difference between subjects with different grades in terms of urinary and serum levels (p <0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there is no significant relationship between serum and urinary LDH levels with the severity of renal cortical involvement in patients with acute pyelonephritis.}, Keywords = {DMSA scan, Pyelonephritis, Urinary LDH, Cortical involvement}, volume = {32}, Number = {11}, pages = {815-823}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.11.815}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5435-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5435-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Akhlaghi, Masoomeh and Asadzadeh, Mina and Mostafaei, Shay}, title = {THE PREVALENCE OF RHEUMATOID VASCULITIS AND ITS RISK FACTORS IN RHEUMATOID PATIENTS OF RHEUMATOLOGY CLINIC OF SHARIATI HOSPITAL FROM 2009-2019}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Rheumatoid disease is a systemic inflammatory disease with an unknown cause that in addition to joint involvement can have extra-articular manifestations with involvement of any organ. The presence of extra-articular manifestations is associated with poor prognosis and increased mortality. Risk factors for rheumatoid vasculitis include the duration of disease, the presence of rheumatoid nodules, smoking, RF with high titers, and genetic predisposition. Given that no study in Iran has analyzed the prevalence of rheumatoid vasculitis and its risk factors and the fact that the incidence of the disease can be controlled by understanding the changeable risk factors, this study was conducted. Materials & Methods: 460 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied and individuals with rheumatoid vasculitis were identified. Both groups were examined and analyzed in terms of sex, smoking, rheumatoid nodules, RF antibodies, and Anti CCP. Their relationship was assessed by Fisher's exact test or Ka-score. In addition, vasculitis group was evaluated for disease activity based on DAS-28 and acute phase reactants. Results: Out of 460 patients, 6 patients (1.3%) had rheumatoid vasculitis (3 males and 3 females). The mean duration of the disease at the time of vasculitis was 12.83 years. Of these 6 patients, 3 had mononeuritis multiplex (50%), 2 had scleritis (33%), and one had cutaneous vasculitis (16.6%). None of the patients had subcutaneous nodules. One patient was smoker (16.7%). The mean ESR in vasculitis subjects was 63.16 mm / h and the mean CRP was 37.0 mg / L. Anti CCP antibody was positive in 4 patients (80%) and negative in one patient. RF antibody was positive in 5 patients (100%) and one was not registered. The mean disease activity based on DAS-28 in 4 patients out of 6 patients was 3.73. Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of rheumatoid vasculitis was estimated to be 1.3% and there was no statistically significant relationship between rheumatoid vasculitis and the presence of rheumatoid nodules, smoking, RF autoantibodies and Anti CCP. This result could be due to the low volume of the sample in the vasculitis group.}, Keywords = {Rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid vasculitis}, volume = {32}, Number = {11}, pages = {824-830}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.11.824}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5408-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5408-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {ranji, najmeh and Jafarzadeh, Mohammad Mahdi and Kochakinegad, Reihaneh and Habibollahi, Hadi}, title = {EVALUATION OF N-ACETYL CYCTEIN EFFECTS IN INHIBITION OF INFLAMATION AND TISSUE DAMAGE ON THE LUNGS OF RATS EXPOSED TO ACUTE AND CHRONIC DOSES OF LEAD}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal which causes adverse health effects on humans and animals. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), as an antioxidant agent, decreases tissue damages and inflammations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of N-acetylcysteine on the expression of IL-10 and TGF-β genes in the lung of rats exposed to Pb. Materials & Methods: In this interventional quasi-experimental study, the rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, including 1) control, 2) acute dose of Pb, 3) acute dose of Pb + continuous administration of NAC, 4) chronic dose of Pb, and 5) chronic dose of Pb + continuous administration of NAC. Acute dose of Pb (70 mg/kg) was administrated on the first day of the study. Chronic dose of Pb (2 mg/kg) and Continuous administration of N-acetylcysteine (50 mg/kg) was used every day for 4 weeks. Both N-acetylcysteine and Pb were dissolved in sterile water and administrated to rats orally by gavage. Histopathological analysis was performed by tissues staining with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E). qRT-PCR method and one-Way ANOVA statistical tests with a significant level of P<0.05 were used to evaluate the expression of IL-10 and TGF-β genes. Results: Pb induced inflammation in acute and chronic doses. qRT-PCR analysis showed a significant decrease in IL-10 and a significant increase in TGF-β expressions. However, administration of NAC with Pb led to a decrease in inflammation by upregulation of IL-10 and downregulation of TGF-β genes in the lungs of rats. Conclusion: Our results suggest that N-acetylcysteine can protect the lungs against Pb toxicity by reducing inflammation.}, Keywords = {IL-10, Lung, N-acetylcysteine, Pb, Rat, TGF-β}, volume = {32}, Number = {11}, pages = {831-839}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.11.831}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5680-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5680-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Sadeghi, Ebrahim and Nasimfar, Amir and Karamyyar, Mohammad and Balaneji, Shabnam}, title = {EVALUATION OF SEROPREVALENCE OF MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE SPECIFIC IGM AND IGG ANTIBODIES IN ASYMPTOMATIC PRESCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the main causes of community acquired pneumonia in children with an incidence of nearly 40%. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of IgM and IgG antibodies to identify Mycoplasma pneumoniae in laboratory samples of in asymptomatic preschool aged children in Urmia, Iran. Materials & Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed on 260 preschool children who referred to the pediatric clinic of Shahid Motahari Hospital in Urmia in January 2018 without any respiratory symptoms. Detection of IgM and IgG antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumonia was performed on the samples using specific ELISA kit, according to the manufacturer's instructions. IgM and IgG antibody titers more than 12 U / mL considered as positive, less than 8 U / mL as negative, and between 8 and 12 U / mL as intermediate result (. SPSS 21 software was used for data analysis. Results: According to the results of this study, 25.8 percent of children had at least one episode of mycoplasma pneumonia infection. Statistically significant relationship was detected between the positivity of IgG and IgM and attending kindergarten in the studied children (P=0.001). There was no significant relationship between positivity of IgG and IgM with sex (P values = 0.14 and 0.60, respectively), age (P values = 0.58 and 0.54, respectively), and age group (P values = 0.19 and 0.49, respectively) of the children. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between positive IgG and IgM antibody titers and presence in kindergarten, but there was no significant relationship between IgG and IgM antibody positivity with sex and age group.}, Keywords = {Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Preschool Children, IgG, IgM, Iran}, volume = {32}, Number = {11}, pages = {840-846}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.11.840}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5740-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5740-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Aghazadeh, Toofan and Bakhtiari, Nuredin and AbdiRad, Isa and Ramezani, Fatemeh}, title = {Liposomal nanoparticles reduce dose-dependent behavior of paclitaxel against MDA-MB 468 breast cancer}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Owing to its anti-cancer and anti-oxidant properties, Kaempferol (KAE) has become an ideal candidate to be more welcome into clinical practice. However, Due to its low water solubility and bioavailability, we aimed to design and address a new liposomal formulation with KAE and evaluate its anti-cancer activity against MDA-MB 468 breast cancer cells. Materials & Methods: To characterize the physicochemical features, pharmaceutical parameters such as nanoparticle size, morphology of particles under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and zeta potential were measured. The optimum liposomal formulation along with paclitaxel was incubated to investigate their biological activity against breast cancer cells. Furthermore, molecular mechanisms related to program cell death (apoptosis) and their gene expression were measured by flowcytometric and real-time PCR, respectively.  Results: SEM images showed narrow distributed and scattered particles with the size of 80.3 nm (KAE) formulated in liposomes. IC50 values for KAE and paclitaxel were determined to be as 44 ± 0.52 μM and 1.75 ± 0.36 nM, respectively. Cell proliferation averaged from 44 ± 3.9% to 56 ± 26.8% (p <0.05) after treatment with KAE-loaded liposomes. Co-administration of nanoparticles containing KAE and paclitaxel in cancer cells significantly increased the percentage of apoptosis (P <0.05). Conclusion: Taking our data into consideration, we suggest that insertion of KAE into liposomal carriers not only improved the bioavailability of this flavonoid but also surged the anti-cancer efficacy of paclitaxel.}, Keywords = {Apoptosis, Breast Cancer, Kaempferol, Liposome, Paclitaxel}, volume = {32}, Number = {11}, pages = {847-856}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.11.847}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5752-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5752-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Delirrad, Mohammad and ValizadeHasanloei, Mohammad Amin and Zeinali, Ahad and Shirzad, Nasrin and pashaei, Mohammad Rez}, title = {THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT COLORS OF NAIL POLISH ON OXYGEN SATURATION MEASURED BY PULSE OXIMETRY IN HEALTHY GIRLS}, abstract ={Background & Aims: According to widespread use of pulse oximetry as the most common method of monitoring arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation, it is very important to identify the factors that may interfere with this continuous monitoring. One of the things that can distort the result of this monitoring is the use of nail polish. As there was no consensus in previous studies, the present study was performed to investigate the effect of different colors of nail polish on the pulse oximetry values of healthy volunteer girls. Materials & Methods: The present study was a prospective cross-sectional study on 90 healthy female volunteers by convenience sampling method. 8 color nail polishes of blue, green, purple, brown, black, yellow, red, and glitter were applied in two layers and then the arterial blood oxygen level of each finger was measured and recorded separately for each volunteer. One finger of each hand was considered as a control finger without varnish. Data analysis was performed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test using SPSS-22 software. Results: Among the polishes, green color showed the lowest (96%) and glitter showed the highest (97.06) mean arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation in the pulse oximetry. Blue had the highest (96.06 ± 2.81) and yellow had the lowest (96.86 ±1.14) standard deviation. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that different colors of nail polish have different effects on measuring oxygen saturation of arterial blood. Green, blue, and black interfered with the measurements, but other colors did not have a significant effect.}, Keywords = {Pulse Oximetry, Nail Polish, Arterial Blood Oxygen Saturation}, volume = {32}, Number = {11}, pages = {857-863}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.11.857}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5713-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5713-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {zamanifar, pantea and Safari, Moei}, title = {IN VITRO EVALUTION OF ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF METHANOLIC AND ACETONE EXTRACTS OF PEGANUM HARMALA AND LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA AGAINST SOME OF HUMAN PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISM}, abstract ={Background & Aims: The emergence of antibiotic resistance has been considered on efforts to achieve new drug combinations. Antimicrobial compounds derived from plants, eliminated bacteria with different mechanisms of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Antimicrobial effects of methanolic and acetone extracts of Peganum harmala and Lavandula angustifolia against some of human pathogenic microorganism. Materials & Methods: The microorganisms used in this study were prepared from Persian Type Culture Collection, Iran. Soxhlet extraction method was used for extraction. Disk diffusion method was used to study the effect of antimicrobial and broth microdilution method were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Results: The results showed that methanolic extract of both P.harmala and L.angustifolia have antibacterial effect, while between acetone extract only acetone extract of P.harmala was antibacterial activity. The most antibacterial effect was related to methanolic extract of P.harmala, so that, inhibition zone diameter affected of this extract againts S. aureus was 19/67 Millimeters. The results showed that both methanolic extract have antifungal activity. Minimum bactericidal concentration for bacteria and fungi was 1000 mg/ml. Conclusion: According to the study it was found that methanolic extract of both P.harmala and L.angustifolia possesses significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against pathogenic bacteria and C. albicans, Therefore, this extract can be considered as a natural herbal product for controlling bacterial and fungal infections.}, Keywords = {Antimicrobial, P.harmala, L.angustifolia, Disk diffusion, Broth microdilution}, volume = {32}, Number = {11}, pages = {864-876}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.11.864}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-4904-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-4904-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Javanmard, Farzaneh and Demokri, Sardar}, title = {EVALUATION OF DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF PREHYSTERECTOMY CURETTAGE IN DETERMINING TUMOR TYPE IN THE PATIENTS WITH ENDOMETRIAL CANCER IN SHAHID MOTAHARI HOSPITAL IN URMIA, IRAN}, abstract ={Background & Aims: The use of curettage in the diagnosis of endometrial disorders is very widespread, and is the most common diagnostic method before performing hysterectomy. Various studies have been performed to compare the pathological results obtained from curettage with the final pathological results of hysterectomy. The results of some of these studies indicated high efficiency of curettage but the others indicated its inefficiency in the diagnosis of endometrial disorders, especially endometrial carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of curettage before hysterectomy in determining tumour type. Materials & Method: Pathological specimens obtained from curettage and hysterectomy in 89 patients with endometrial cancer who underwent hysterectomy in Shahid Motahari Hospital in Urmia from 2015 to 2018, were reviewed and the data of these two methods were compared. Demographic information of the patients was also extracted from their files and their relationship with the diagnostic accuracy of curettage before hysterectomy in determination of the type of tumor in the patients with endometrial cancer was examined. Results: Curettage had a high ability to distinguish between malignant and benign forms of the tumor. Due to the positive predictive value and high sensitivity (95.95% and 80.68%, respectively) and high diagnostic accuracy in determination of the tumor type (78.3%), if the curettage result is also positive, curettage indicates malignancy of the tumor with a high confidence level. The diagnostic accuracy of curettage has no significant relationship with age, clinical signs, and tumor type, but is associated with the tumor grade and this association is higher in the tumors with higher FIGO grade than the lower-grade tumors. Conclusion: Due to its high diagnostic accuracy, curettage is a reliable diagnostic method before performing a hysterectomy.  }, Keywords = {Endometrial Cancer, Curettage, Hysterectomy, Diagnostic Accuracy}, volume = {32}, Number = {12}, pages = {877-885}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.12.877}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5678-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5678-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {HajabbasFarshchi, Alireza and Valikhani, Amir and Ghorbani, Saeideh}, title = {The K562 Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Cell Line undergoes Apoptosis in Response to 4-chloro-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2.3-d]pyrimidine}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Leukemia is a particular type of cancer characterized by the failure of cell death or disability in the differentiation of hematopoietic cells. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is the most studied kind of this type of cancer. In this study, the anti-cancer effect of the 4-chloro-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2.3-d]pyrimidine compound on the human leukemia K562 cells was investigated. Materials & Methods: The K562 cell line was cultured by initially seeding 1×106 cells per milliliter in RPMI 1640 medium. Cell viability was investigated using trypan blue exclusion and MTT assays. Cell death in cancer and normal cells was quantified using propidium iodide (PI) and acridine orange (AO) double staining. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the SPSS16 and Excel softwares were used for data analysis. Data were analyzed statistically using the SPSS16 software. A probability level of p<0.05 was considered as the statistically significant reference. Result: The 4-chloro-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2.3-d]pyrimidine compound had a strong fatal and concentration-dependent effect on K562 cells and caused cell death mainly through induction of apoptosis. Statistical analysis of the cells under a fluorescence microscope revealed significant differences in apoptotic cell populations between treated and untreated cells. Conclusions: The results of this investigation indicated that the 4-chloro-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2.3-d]pyrimidine compound does have cytotoxic effects on the K562 cell line. This information also revealed that this compound may initiate a new therapeutic standpoint for the treatment of leukemia.}, Keywords = {4-chloro-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2.3-d]pyrimidine, apoptosis, K562 tumor}, volume = {32}, Number = {12}, pages = {886-894}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.12.886}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5674-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5674-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {MoradiGardeshi, Tohid and Norbakhsh, Rahil and Dalvand, Sina and Boroughani, Zahr}, title = {Secondary Metabolites of Soil Actinomycetes, UTMC 676 and UTMC 919, Induces Apoptosis in Human Non‑Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cell Line}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Bacterial metabolites are extremely rich resources for discovering new compounds with different biological activities. Metabolites of actinomycetes have significant potential for the production of anticancer compounds. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of two secondary metabolites of soil actinomycetes, UTMC 676 and UTMC 919, on apoptosis induction and their related genes in the human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line, A549. Materials & Methods: The crude extracts of UTMC 676 and UTMC 919 were prepared from the collection of biological compounds of Tehran University. After cell treatment with UTMC 676 and UTMC 919, cell cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and mRNA expression were measured using MTT, flow cytometry, and q-RT-PCR methods. Doxorubicin was utilized as a positive control. Results: The MTT results showed induction of cytotoxicity by UTMC 676, UTMC 919, and doxorubicin in A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. After 48 hours of treatment, both UTMC 676 and UTMC 919 induced apoptosis in the A549 cell line. However, the apoptotic effect of UTMC 676 was more than doxorubicin. The q-RT-PCR data exhibited that the expression of apoptosis-related genes was enhanced in the treated group compared to the untreated group. Conclusion: These results suggest that the crude extract of UTMC 676 was able to induce apoptosis in A549 cells and could be a very promising source having therapeutic potential against lung cancer cell lines.}, Keywords = {Lung cancer, Apoptosis, Soil actinomycetes, Doxorubicin}, volume = {32}, Number = {12}, pages = {895-907}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.12.895}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5520-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5520-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Vakili, Esmail and Hajaghazadeh, Mohammad and Feizollahzadeh, Sadegh and Feyzi, Vafa and Jafari, Abbas}, title = {EVALUATION OF EXPOSURE TO FLOUR DUST AND RESPIRATORY COMPLICATIONS IN BAKERY WORKERS IN URMIA IN 2021}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Respiratory complications arised from exposure to flour dust are among most common work-related diseases. This study was conducted to investigate flour dust exposure and its respiratory complications in bakery workers in Urmia in 2021. Material and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 2021. The statistical population of the study consists of 166 bakers in Urmia. An standard questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in workers. Data analysis was performed at two levels of descriptive and analytical statistics by SPSS 22 software using t-test, chi-square and one-way ANOVA at the significant level of P <0.05. Results: The mean and standard deviation of age obtained 40.39 and 10.17 years and mean and standard deviation of work experience obtained 15.13 and 9.49 years. The most common complication in the studied people were chest sputum (22.3%) and cough (16.9%). According to the results, there were significant relationships between respiratory complications with the type of bakery (P= 0.0001), the type of contact with dust (P= 0.0001), and also with the type of job (P= 0.000). Conclusion: The results of this study showed the existence of respiratory complications in the bakers of Urmia. Therefore, in order to reduce respiratory complications, it is necessary to do actions such as providing appropriate personal protective equipment, adequate ventilation, and reducing the duration of exposure.}, Keywords = {Bakery, Respiratory Symptoms, Flour Dust}, volume = {32}, Number = {12}, pages = {908-918}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.12.908}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5730-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5730-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Mahmoudzadeh, Hashem and Abbasi, Ezzatollah and Nikibakhsh, Ahmad ali and Ghader, Sevda and Rasoli, Jav}, title = {Comparison of the Effects of Potassium Polycitrate with No Treatment on Microlithiasis of the Infants Referred to a Pediatric Nephrology Clinic}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Microlithiasis is a common increasing disorder, especially in infants and young children, defined as sonographic detection of hyperechogenic deposits in the pelvic area of the ureter and calyces which are less than 3 mm in diameter. Potassium citrate is one of the drugs used in nephrolithiasis. Citrate prevents the formation of calcium deposits. It also inhibits calcium oxalate crystals, which can be the nidus for kidney stones. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of potassium polycitrate versus no treatment in the infants with microlithiasis. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive-retrospective study, 112 patients referred to a pediatric nephrology clinic were enrolled. Children less than two years old with microlithiasis in kidneys or urinary tract confirmed by ultrasonography imaging were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: the first group received potassium citrate solution of 1-2 mEq/kg of body weight daily for two months, and the second group did not receive any specific medication. Follow-up was performed every two months for six months using ultrasound by a skilled radiologist with a fixed ultrasound device. To minimize drug side effects and treatment response, the allergic responses were measured once every two months, and the physician decided drug will or will not continue. Data analysis was done by SPSS 19. The P values <0.05 were considered significant. Results: The mean age of the study population was 4.13 ± 2.27 months. The mean weight in the total study population was 6.62±1.36 kg and the mean birth weight in the total study population was 3±0.41 kg. According to the results of the study, the decrease in the size or number of stones in one or both kidneys was more in the recipients of polycitrate solution and the increase in the size or number of stones in one or both kidneys was more in the infants not receiving polycitrate (P<0.001). Conclusions: Factors such as age, sex, current weight, birth weight and type of nutrition have no effect on improving and/or reducing the size and number of renal stones. However, in the group receiving potassium polycitrate solution, there was a significant reduction in the size and number of stones compared to the non-receiving group.}, Keywords = {Kidney Stone, Potassium Polycitrate, Infants, Microlithiasis}, volume = {32}, Number = {12}, pages = {919-926}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.12.919}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5751-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5751-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {RobatiAnaraki, Mahmoud and AbdolyOskouie, Shahram}, title = {COMPARING EFFICACY OF THE ANTIBIOTICS CONSIDERING NEW AGENTS USED TO TREAT ACUTE BACTERIAL SKIN AND SKIN STRUCTURE INFECTIONS CAUSED BY MRSA: A NETWORK META-ANALYSIS}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Acute bacterial infections of the skin and skin tissues (ABSSSIs(, especially methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) type, cause many problems for the patient. This Network Meta-Analysis (NMA) was designed to compare the efficacy between vancomycin and other antibiotics to determine a better treatment to resolve skin infections. Materials & Methods: Appropriate NMA studies were searched in the Cochrane central register of controlled trials, Embus, and Medline databases until January 2021. The Random effects model was used for each outcome in the NMA. The well-known PICOS17 strategy was used to search for articles. Descriptive or non-randomized studies, studies without specific outcomes or characteristics of ABSSSIs, review studies, and studies with subgroup analysis or information without the desired intervention were excluded from the study. Results: 26 randomized controlled trials with 16031 patients met the inclusion criteria. The results of NMA showed that the efficacy of ceftaroline fusamil, delafloxacin, GNGQ2, linezolid, omadacycline, Tigecyclin, and vancomycin-aztreonam were higher than the standard treatment, and the glycopeptides of dalbavancin, oritavancin, and telavancin are not significantly different from them. In the case of MRSA infections, Tedizolid, Linezolid, dalbavancin, and vancomycin-Linezolid therapy were shown to be more effective than the standard therapy. Conclusion: It could be concluded that due to some known advantages of glycopeptides and that they are not inferior to vancomycin in terms of efficacy, these drugs can be a good alternative to vancomycin.}, Keywords = {Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, Skin Diseases, Infectious, Network Meta-Analysis, Antibacterial Agents, Vancomycin}, volume = {32}, Number = {12}, pages = {927-942}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.12.927}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5613-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5613-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Ahmadi, Hatam and HatamiNemati, Homiera and Alihemati, Alireza and BananKhojasteh, Seyyed Mehdi and Fathi, Fateme}, title = {AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF SESAME OIL ON STREPTOZOTOCON- INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN MALE RAT HIPPOCAMPUS}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of sesame oil on oxidative stress parameters caused by administration of streptozotocin in male rats. Matherials & Methods: This interventional experimental study was performed on five groups (7 on each) of male Wistar rats (250-270 g), including: the control group that did not receive any drug, the sham group that received 5 μl of saline in the lateral ventricles of the brain for 7 days, the streptotocin group which received 5 μl of streptotocin at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg in the lateral ventricles for 7 days, and two groups of streptotocin+sesame oil, which were first pre-treated by intraperitoneal injection of 5 ml/kg of sesame oil in two periods of 7 and 28 days and then received streptotocin. 48 hours after the last drug injection in the experimental groups, the hippocampuses of the rats' brains were separated and homogenized. The activity of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, superoxide desmutase, catalase, and the total amount of glutathione in the hippocampus tissue were measured using special kits. Data analysis was done by one-way ANOVA. Results: The activity of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and total glutathione in the hippocampal tissue of streptozotocin-treated rats decreased compared to the control group (P¬<0.05). 28-day pretreatment with sesame oil improved the activity of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and the total amount of hippocampal glutathione in the streptozotocin+sesame oil group to normal values, compared to the streptozotocin group (P<0.05). Conclusion: By modulating the parameters of oxidative stress in the hippocampus, nutrition of sesame oil may prevent excessive reduction of antioxidant enzymes in the people with or prone to Alzheimer's disease.}, Keywords = {Streptozotocin, Sesame Oil, Oxidative Stress, Hippocampus}, volume = {32}, Number = {12}, pages = {943-952}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.12.943}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5695-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5695-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Houshmand, Hamidreza and Farhadi, Ramin and Ghaemi, Mir Reza and Rasouli, Jav}, title = {Evaluation of the Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in the Patients of Kawasaki Disease Resistant to Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) Therapy}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Kawasaki disease is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology that is common in the pediatric patients. The primary therapeutic strategy includes aspirin and Intravenous Immunoglobulin. The present study aimed to investigate the Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) in the patients with Kawasaki and its relationship with the resistance to IVIg therapy. Materials and Methods: The present study included the patients presenting to the Motahari Hospital, Urmia, Iran, whom diagnosed with Kawasaki disease and received IVIg during 2008-2019. The authors collected the data from the patients' medical records and re-assessed the patients' data for meeting the diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki. Afterward, the data of eligible patients entered the analysis. Results: The data from 460 patients were obtained and assessed for meeting the diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki. Of 460 patients, 241 met the eligibility criteria, and the data for other patients that meet exclusion criteria were excluded from the study. According to the results of our study, response to IVIg therapy had a significant relationship with the variables of blood and urinary leukocyte counts (p=0.013 and p=0.01, respectively). However, we didn’t find any significant relationship between the response to IVIg therapy and the variables of age, gender, NLR, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), serum albumin level, ALT, hemoglobin, platelet count, and the interval between onset of symptoms and treatment initiation. Conclusion: High blood leukocyte count along with low urinary leukocyte count can predict the response to IVIg treatment and subsequent prognosis in the patients affected by the Kawasaki disease. However, the NLR did not show clinical relevance.}, Keywords = {Kawasaki Disease, Vasculitis, Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio, IVIg therapy}, volume = {32}, Number = {12}, pages = {953-962}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/umj.32.12.953}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5728-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5728-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2022} }