@article{ author = {Bilan, Nemat and GhaleGolabBehbahani, Afshin and Dastranji, Azar}, title = {COMPARISON OF THE SPO2/FIO2 RATIO AND THE PAO2/FIO2 RATIO IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE LUNG INJURY AND ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROM}, abstract ={  Background & Aims: Diagnostic criteria for acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requires acute onset of disease, chest radiograph demonstrating bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, lack of significant left ventricular dysfunction and Pao2/Fio2 (PF) ratio 300 for ALI or 200 for ARDS. And the latter one requires invasive arterial sampling. Measurement spo2 by pulse oxi metry and calculation spo2/Fio2 (SF) ratio may be a reliable non invasive alternative to the PF ratio.   Materials & Methods: In this cross sectional study, 70 patient diagnosed for ALI or ARDS admitted in Tabriz children’s hospital PICU were enrolled. Then spo2, Fio2, Pao2 charted within 5 minutes were measured and the ratio of SF and PF were calculated and compared. SF threshold the values were determined to replacement PF ratio for diagnose ARDS and ALI.   Results: The relationship between SF and PF ratio was described by the following regression equation SF=57+0/61PF (P<0/001). SF ratios of 181 and 235 corresponded of PF ratio 300 and 200. The ALI SF cutoff of 235 had 57% sensitivity and 100% specificity, and ARDS, SF cutoff of 181 had 71% sensitivity and 82% specificity.   Conclusion: SF ratio is a reliable noninvasive marker for PF ratio to identify children with ALI or ARDS. A nd can be replaced pulse oximetry by arterial blood sampling.    SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2014: 25(10): 909 ISSN: 1027-3727  }, Keywords = {ARDS, ALI, Pao2/Fio2 , Pulse oximetry}, volume = {25}, Number = {10}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2556-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2556-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Poormahmood, Hossein and KhodaieArdakani, Mohammad Reza and Fadaie, Farid and Ashtari, Zabihollah and Maddahifard, Rogaye and Behjati, Ho}, title = {EVALUATING THE EFFICACY OF RILUZOLE ADD-ON THERAPY ON TREATMENT SYMPTOMS OF PATIENTS WITH CONTINUOUS SCHIZOPHRENIA}, abstract ={   Background & Aims: This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of riluzole (a glutamate release inhibitor) add-on therapy in the treatment of negative symptoms of patients with chronic schizophrenia. Materials & Methods: This randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study was conducted on thirty patients with continues schizophrenia (DSM-IV-TR) that were randomized considering either riluzole (100 mg daily) or placebo in addition to risperidone 6 mg/day for eight weeks. The patients were assessed using positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) and extrapyramidal symptom rating scale (ESRS) at baseline, week 4 and 8. Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) was used to assess depression at baseline and week 8 .   Results: Thirty patients completed the trial. Riluzole group showed a significantly greater improvement on negative subscale than the placebo group at endpoint (P<0.001). The same effect was observed for the total score (P<0.001) and general psychopathology score (P=0.001). However the placebo and riluzole groups did not differ in their reduction of positive symptoms scores. HDRS and ESRS scores and their changes did not differ between the two groups. Frequency of other side effects was similar between the two groups .  Conclusions: Riluzole add-on can reduce the primary negative symptoms of patients with schizophrenia .    SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2014: 25(10): 873 ISSN: 1027-3727}, Keywords = {Glutamate, Riluzole, Negative Symptoms, Schizophrenia }, volume = {25}, Number = {10}, pages = {862-873}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2543-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2543-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {HosseiniJazani, Nima and Sharifi, Yaeghob and Farzaneh, Hamed and Zartoshti, Minoo}, title = {DETERMINATION OF THE EFFICACY OF PHOSPHOMYCIN ON CLINICAL ISOLATES OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS}, abstract ={ Background & Aims: Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that can cause a range of infections. Methicillin resistance in these bacteria is often in companion with resistance to multiple antibiotics. High prevalence of these isolates can cause treatment failure. Phosphomycin is a Peptidoglycan biosynthesis inhibitor that is used in treating of infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria. The aim of this study was the investigation of the effect of phosphomycin on clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S.aureus.Materials & Methods: This study was conducted on 43 clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S.aureus that were collected and identified using standard methods. Susceptibility of isolates to different antibiotics was tested by disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of phosphomycin serial dilutions of antibiotic were prepared in broth medium in concentrations ranging between 0.25-128 mg/L after that isolates were inoculated to each tube. S. aureus ATCC 25923 was used as reference strain.Results: Among the strains, 16.3% were sensitive to all investigated concentrations and 11.6%were resistant. The average amounts of minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations for the other isolates were 57.16±51.05 and 74.70±49.72 µ/ml, respectively. Regarding the standard definitions, a total of 44.2% of isolates were resistant and 55.8% were sensitive to phosphomycin. Conclusion: Due to the higher resistance of isolates tested in this study, compared with others, it seems that there is a need for exact evaluation of susceptibility tests and being cautious in using of phosphomycin alone, as well as designing another studies in order to evaluate the use of the combination of phosphomycin with other antibiotics against methicillin-resistant S. aureus. SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2014: 25(10): 880 ISSN: 1027-3727}, Keywords = {S.aureus, Phosphomycin, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Minimum bactericidal concentration}, volume = {25}, Number = {10}, pages = {874-880}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2544-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2544-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Jahanbazi, Anis and Asgari, Karim and Chitsaz, Ahmad and Mehrabi, Hossein Ali and Asemi, Ne}, title = {INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MEDICATION IN COMPARISON TO MEDICATION PLUS EMG BIOFEEDBACK ON QUALITY OF LIFE IN FEMALES WITH CHRONIC FOCAL DYSTONIA}, abstract ={ Background & Aims: Focal dystonia is a chronic disease with unwanted side effects. In addition to physical symptoms, it may exert a great impact on quality of life in patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of medication in comparison to medication plus EMG biofeedback on quality of life in females with chronic focal dystonia.Materials & Methods: This was a case-control study with pre-post-and follow-up phases. This study was consisted of 20 patients with spasmodic torticollis and 10 patients with blepharospasm. All the patients were already diagnosed by treating neurologists and were randomly selected and assigned into medication and medication plus EMG biofeedback groups. Both groups were kept on botulinum toxin type A and the second group which was receiving the drug for 10 weeks also participated in 20 sessions of EMG biofeedback treatment. The data were collected through the SF-36 questionnaire that was administered in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up phases.Results: The mean of SF-36 score in the Medication plus EMG biofeedback group showed a significantly higher increase in comparison to that of the medication group (p<0.05).Conclusion: The results suggested that medication plus EMG biofeedback was more effective than medication alone on the quality of life in females with chronic focal dystonia. SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2014: 25(10): 892 ISSN: 1027-3727}, Keywords = {Chronic focal dystonia, EMG biofeedback, Quality of life, Medication}, volume = {25}, Number = {10}, pages = {881-892}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2545-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2545-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Allahdin, Sudabeh and Khademvatan, Shahram and Hashemitabar, Mahmoud and Eskandari, Alborz}, title = {IN VITRO ACTIVITY OF CAMELLIA SINENSIS EXTRACTS AGAINST L.MAJOR AND L.INFANTUM PROMASTIGOTES USING THE COLOROMETRIC MTT ASSAY}, abstract ={   Background & Aims: Plant extracts and plant-derived compounds are unlimited sources of chemical diversity for identification of new medicinal agents that are commonly used to treat infectious diseases . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antileishmanial activity of camellia sinensis extracts against L. infantum and L. major promastigotes by using colorimetric MTT assay as compared to the pentavalent antimonial compound (meglumine antimonite).   Materials & Methods: The extract was dried and dissolved in DMSO 1% solvent and further dilutions were obtained with RPMI 1640. Promastigotes of L. major and L. infantum were kept in RPMI 1640 medium with 10% of FCS. 100 µl of leishmania major or leishmania infantum promastigotes (1x106 cells/100µl) at logarithmic phase of treated with different concentrations of extract in two fold serial dilutions and after incubation time, MTT solution was added to each well in 96 well plate, then absorbance was read with ELISA reader in 570 nm.  Results: Daccordingly the data showed that camellia sinensis have leishmanicidal activity against L.major and L.infantum promastigotes. C. sinensis had IC50 of 19 µg/ml for L.major promastigotes whereas for L.infantum with IC50 of 12µg/ml after 72 h of incubation. Glucantime had IC50s of 21.8 μg/ml, and 10.16 μg/ml for both strains, respectively.   Conclusion : This study revealed a new antileishmanial compound against promastigotes of L. major and L. infantum and proposes that C. sinensis has the capablity of being used in leishmaniasis but further studies are required to find out its activity against intra-cellular form of leishmania (amastigote).     SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2014: 25(10): 900 ISSN: 1027-3727}, Keywords = {Leishmania major, Leishmania infantum, Camellia sinensis, MTT colorimetric assay}, volume = {25}, Number = {10}, pages = {893-900}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2546-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2546-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {GhaffariFam, Saber and SadeghiBazarghani, Homayoun and Malek, Ayoub and Salarilak, Shaker}, title = {EFFECT STRESSFUL LIFE EVENTS ON PEDESTRIAN INJURIES IN ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN THE EAST AZERBAIJAN PROVINCE: A CASE CONTROL STUDY}, abstract ={ Background & Aims: The aim of the present study was to determine the role and effect of stressful life events during one past year on pedestrian injury in the road traffic crashes.Materials & Methods: This case-control study had hospital-based design and was conducted during 2013-2014. First, 177 pedestrians injured by motorized vehicles during walk and being hospitalized in the Shohada University Hospital were compared with 177 appropriate controls that without any of injuries in the road traffic accidents were selected of Imam Reza University Hospital. Then stressful life events based standardized questionnaire was used to analyze the association between two groups and logistic regression test was employed. Results: Accordingly, 50.3% of the victims and 19.2% of the control groups were illiterate and had elementary education. Multivariate logistic regression test findings showed that variables associated with pedestrian injuries in the road traffic accidents had stressful life events such as job conflicts, education concerns, daily life, or health concerns. However, it seemed that there was an association between daily walking, economic status, and education levels on pedestrian injuries in the road traffic accidents.  Conclusion: The present study findings showed that any intervention toward psychological factors and decreasing socioeconomic difference may be affective in reducing pedestrian injuries in the road traffic crashes. SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2014: 25(10): 921 ISSN: 1027-3727}, Keywords = {Pedestrian injuries, Road traffic crashes, Determine, Stressful life events, Case-control study}, volume = {25}, Number = {10}, pages = {910-921}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2547-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2547-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {SepehrianAzar, Firozeh and AsadiMajreh, Samereh and Asadnia, Saeid and Farnoodi, Li}, title = {THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATTACHMENT AND COPING STYLES WITH EMOTION DYSREGULATION IN ADOLESCENCE}, abstract ={    Background & Aims : Emotion regulation plays a significant role on the emotions and behavior of adolescents. According to the role of attachment and efficacy of coping styles in development of emotion regulation skills, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between attachment styles and coping styles with emotion Dysregulation in adolescents.   Materials & Methods : This descriptive study was conducted on 200 students that were selected from 5291 male and female students of second and third grade of high schools in Talesh city . All participants were asked to fill Emotion Dysregulation Scale (DERS), Parents and Peers Adolescent attachment to Inventory (IPPA-R) and Coping Styles Questionnaire (CSQ). The data were analyzed using mean standard deviation, Pearson correlation and step by step regression.   Results : The result of step by step regression analysis revealed that there was a negative and significant relationship between emotional dysregulation with attachment to mother, attachment to father and peers. Also, the relationship of emotional dysregulation was negatively associated with task-oriented coping style but had a positive and significant relationship with Emotion-oriented coping strategies. According of step by step regression analysis, mother and peer attachment and emotion-oriented coping could predict 24 percent of emotional dysregulation variance.  Conclusion : The making attachment to parents and peers and coping styles efficiently are important factors that are involved in emotion dysregulation in adolescences.  SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2014: 25(10): 930 ISSN: 1027-3727}, Keywords = {Attachment styles, Emotion Dysregulation, Emotion-oriented coping style, Task-oriented coping style }, volume = {25}, Number = {10}, pages = {922-930}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2548-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2548-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Molaee, Mehri and Jani, Setareh and Hamedi, Rahimeh and JangiGojebiglou, Shahl}, title = {PREDICTING CLUSTER C PERSONALITY DISORDERS (AVOIDANT, DEPENDENT AND OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE) ACCORDING TO BEHAVIORAL ACTIVATION AND INHIBITION SYSTEMS}, abstract ={ Background & Aims: Due to the expansiveness problems caused by personality disorders in personal and familial life, recognition of predisposing factors of such diseases leads to more accurate and better understanding of them. It also helps diagnose the preventive measures in treating these disorders and because personality disorders affect all aspects of interpersonal relationships of patients, the present research was done to predict the cluster C personality disorders according to behavioral inhibition system and behavioral activation system. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-correlational research was conducted on 300 stuedents selected by multi steps cluster sampling from students of Tabriz University in 2013. They filled Millon clinical multi-axial inventory-3 (MCMI) and Behavioral activation-inhibition system scale (BIS-BAS). The data were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous regression. Results: Accordingly, only BIS was significantly helpful to predict the avoidant and dependent personality disorders. Not BIS nor BAS were significant to predict the obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Conclusion: These findings can help experts to have a better and more accurate understanding of personality disorders and use proper methods to predict the probability of these diseases and expand helpful treatments. SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2014: 25(10): 939 ISSN: 1027-3727}, Keywords = {Avoidant, BAS- BIS, Dependent, Personality disorder, Obsessive-compulsive}, volume = {25}, Number = {10}, pages = {931-939}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2549-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2549-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {HasanzadehGhavifekr, Nazila and Javadi, Mohamadreza and MonsefEsfahani, Alireza and Shahidi, Siamak}, title = {EVALUATION OF CELLULAR CHANGES OF AUTOTRANSPLANTED SPLEEN TISSUE AND SEROLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF SPLENECTOMIZED AND SPLEEN AUTOTRANSPLANTED RATS}, abstract ={ Background & Aims: Spleen is one of the most common sites of injury after trauma. When splenectomy due to spleen damage is unavoidable, autotransplantation of splenic tissue is the only possible option to preserve splenic function. Immunologic function of spleen against infections is unremarkable but compensation levels of immunological activity and structural rearrangement of transplanted spleen according to implanted spleen size is still in doubt. The purpose of this study was to evaluate cellular and serological changes in after autotransplantation of spleen tissue on omentum of rats compared to splenectomized rats.Materials & Methods: In this randomized controlled experimental trial, 80 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups.Sp Group underwent splenectomy, Au group underwent splenectomy, and autotransplantation of three pieces of spleen tissue comprising 15-10 % of its volume in the great omentum, and Sh group underwent laparotomy with peritoneal irritation. Co Group was followed as the control group. 10 cases in each group were randomly assigned into 6 months or 12 months follow up groups. At the end of the follow-up period, blood samples were obtained and leukocyte, lymphocyte and platelet counts and immunoglobulin M antibody levels were measured and compared between study groups. Besides re-laparotomy were done in both follow up groups of spleen autotransplanted rats and compared in terms of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics.Results: The results of our study showed that after 6 and 12 months of follow up, leukocyte and lymphocyte count was not statistically different between the study groups. Platelet count in the Sp group at the end of 6 and 12 months was greater than the control group (0.001> P). The difference in platelet count between the two Sp and Au groups was not significant. Serum IgM levels in the Sp group after 6 and 12 month, were significantly lower than Co and Sh groups but the difference between Au group with Co and Sh groups wasn’t statistically significant. Mean IgM levels in Au group was higher than Sp group, but the difference was not statistically significant (0.14 = P). In looking for autotarnsplanted splenic tissue, implanted spleen was detected in all cases except one case (6.25%). The number of rearranged red pulp and white pulp and formation of lymphoid follicles in inplanted spleen was higher in 12-month follow-up. Hemosiderin pigment levels also were significantly higher in the 12-month follow-up.Conclusions: Autotransplantation of about 15% of splenic tissue volume were successful in majority of cases and spleen tissue rearrangement and its benefits on the immune system was indispensable. So autotransplantation of spleen, even at low volumes, in the case of unavoidable splenectomy is strongly recommended. SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2014: 25(10): 954 ISSN: 1027-3727}, Keywords = {Autotransplantation of spleen, Rat, Immunoglobulin}, volume = {25}, Number = {10}, pages = {940-953}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2550-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2550-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Sheikhpour, Robab and MohitiArdekani, Jav}, title = {THE EFFECT OF PROGESTERONE ON P53 PROTEIN IN T47D CELL LINE}, abstract ={ Background & Aims: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Nearly 50% of breast cancers are dependent to sex hormones, and the effects of these hormones are mediated by their binding to specific receptors. Also p53 protein is mutated in about half of cancers including breast cancer and high level of p53 protein is a common feature of many human malignant cancers. Given that T47D cell line has estrogen and progesterone receptor and p53 protein is product of tumor suppressor gene. This article was devoted to the effect of progesterone on p53 protein in T47D cell line. Materials & Methods: The breast cancer T47D cell line were grown in 25cm2 flasks in DMEM with fetal bovine serum (FBS). Then cells were treated with different concentrations (1 nmol, 10 nmol and 20 nmol) of progesterone hormone. The level of proteins was measured by western blot method. Gene tool software was used for data analysis. Results: There was no differences in p53 protein level in cells that were exposed to 1nmol of progesterone compared to the control group (P>0.05), but cells that were exposed to 10 and 20 nmol of progesterone treatment had lower level of p53 protein concentration than the control (P<0.01). Conclusion: The result of this study showed that increased progesterone can reduce the level of p53 protein in T47D cell line. It seems progesterone with decreased level of p53 protein reduced accumulation of p53 protein in T47 cell line.  SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2014: 25(10): 960 ISSN: 1027-3727}, Keywords = {T47D cell line Breast cancer, Progesterone, p53 protein}, volume = {25}, Number = {10}, pages = {954-960}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2551-en.html}, eprint = {http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2551-en.pdf}, journal = {Studies in Medical Sciences}, issn = {2717-008X}, eissn = {2717-008X}, year = {2014} }