per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2016-09
27
6
449
457
article
COMPARISION OF IMPRESS SMEARS AND TISSUE SECTION STAINED WITH DIFFERENT METHODS FOR DIAGNOSING OF PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII
Khosrow Hazrati Tappeh1
hazrati_tappeh@yahoo.co.nz
1
Toohid Yahyapour
shabnammedico@yahoo.com
2
Jalil Musavi
musavi_sjalil@umsu.ac.ir
3
Habib Mohammadzadeh
habibmhaji@yahoo.com
4
Kambiz Diba
kambizdiba@yahoo.com
5
Ali Rahiminejad 5*
Rahiminejad2855@yahoo.com
6
Urmia University of Medical Sciences,Iran
Urmia University of Medical Sciences ,Iran
Urmia University of Medical Sciences,Iran
Urmia University of Medical Sciences,Iran
Urmia University of Medical Sciences,Iran
Urmia University of Medical Sciences,Iran
Background & Aims: Pneumocystis carinii is an opportunist extracellular microorganism. The body can defend itself against it in natural conditions. But it can cause an infection in immunodificient conditions such as HIV, Hodgkins and other immunosuppressed diseases. The aim of this study was to apply a comparison of different staining methods such as Methenamine silver, Giemsa, Gram - Weigert, Papanicolaou and Hematoxylin eosin stains in terms of staining times, easiness, cost and availability of material and methods, detection of P. carinii, different forms and capability of this methods in detection of P. carinii in impression slides, and tissue slices of rats lungs.
Materials & Methods: In order to induce of Pneumocystis pneumonia, the Sprague Dawley rats were injected 0.5cc of dexamethasone subcutaneously twice a week over a 10-12 weeks, after induce pneumonia we removed the lungs and made impression slides and pieces of lung was put in 10% formalin to make tissue slides. After that the slides stained by Methenamine silver, Gram Weigert, papanicolaou, Giemsa and Hematoxylin eosin, and compared them in terms of staining time, easiness, cost and availability. In addition, we compared the capability of different methods to detect the microorganism in tissue preparation slices and impression slides.
Results: Giemsa and papanicolaou are capable to stain the intra cyst bodies but can’t stain the cysts wall. Methenamine silver and Gram Weigert stain the cysts wall. Giemsa is fastest, cheapest and the most easy method to stain, vs. methenamine silver is expensive, difficult and takes long time to do. Methenamine silver papanicolaou, Gram Weigert can detect P. carinii in both tissue slice and smears but Hematoxylin eosin can’t detect either slices or impression slides. Giemsa only detects microorganism in impression slides.
Conclusions: In these staining methods, Papanicolaou and Giemsa have more specificity than Gram Weigert to detect the P. carinii in specimens, because these staining method don’t specify the wall of cysts together with yeasts, because of this the wrong diagnosis with Giemsa and Papanicolaou is less than Gram Weigert. Methenamine silver is golden standard method to detect P. carinii but it stains the yeasts like P. carinii because the yeasts are similar to cysts in shape and color when we stain with methenamine silver. Because of this we conclude that Methenamine silver is suitable and useful for demonstration of P. carinii cysts but it is better to be used together with Giemsa, because Giemsa can stain the intra cyst bodies so the diagnosis of pneumocystis pneumonia becomes easy with these methods together.
SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2016: 27(6): 457 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-3443-en.pdf
Pneumocystis carinii
Rat
Diagnostic specimens
Different staining methods
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2016-09
27
6
458
465
article
EVALUATING THE ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE EFFECT OF 2-METHYL-3-PENTYL-6-METHOXYPRODIGININE IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA CELLS
Mohammad Reza Sam
s_mohammadreza@yahoo.com
1
Reza Abdi Yenkejeh
abdi20@gmail.com
2
Urmia University
Urmia University
Background & Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma remains often refractory to classic therapies. Therefore, the search for new natural compounds with minimal toxicity is of particular interest in treatment of liver cancer. In this context, it has been shown that 2-methyl-3-pentyl-6-methoxyprodiginine isolated from cell wall of Serratia marcescens has powerful growth inhibitory effects against different kinds of cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the anti-proliferative effect of prodigiosin on the human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells on a dose-response and time-course basis.
Materials & Methods: Malignant cells were treated with various concentrations of prodigiosin (100, 200, 400 and 600 nM) and incubated for 24 to 72 h. After treatments, proliferation-rates were determined by MTT assay. Following 48 h treatments with indicated concentrations of prodigiosin, cell number and apoptotic rates were also measured by hemocytometer and flow cytometer respectively.
Results: Treatment of cells with increasing concentrations of prodigiosin significantly decreased proliferation-rates in a dose-and time-dependent manner compared to untreated cells. Specifically, Following 72 h treatments with 100, 200, 400 and 600 nM prodigiosin proliferation-rates were found to be %44 ± %2, %33 ± %4, %27 ± %3 and 27% ± %5 for indicated concentrations of prodigiosin respectively. We also found that the cell numbers were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Specifically, 48 h treatment with 600 nM prodigiosin resulted in 77% decrease in cell number compared to untreated cells. An increase in the number of apoptotic cells (late), ranging from 37 to 97.4 %, was also observed with increasing prodigiosin concentrations.
Conclusion: Prodigiosin decreases proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells with induction of apoptosis in these cells. Therefore, this compound may provide a powerful growth inhibitory agent on proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2016: 27(6): 465 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-3351-en.pdf
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Prodigiosin
Serratia marsescens
Cell proliferation
Apoptosis
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2016-09
27
6
466
475
article
CHANGES IN HRCT SPIROMETRY AND CLINICAL SYMPTOM IN SCLERODERMA PATIENTS’ TREATMENT WITH INTRAVENOUS CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE
Mehrzad Hajialilo
hajialilo@gmail.com
1
Ali Taghizadieh
Taghizadieh_ali@hotmil.com
2
Alireza Khabbazi
dr_khabbazi@yahoo.com
3
Amir Ghorbanihaghjo
ghorbaniamir@hotmail.com
4
Mina Asadzadeh
asadzadeh_mina81@yahoo.com
5
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Background & Aims: Scleroderma is a systemic condition with various manifestations in different organs. Among these organs, the lungs are affected very frequently, and the involvement is progressive and significant. Various medications have been suggested and tested in patients with scleroderma and lung involvement, but their efficacy and safety profile differ and enforce a difficult final decision-making. Since cyclophosphamide is an example of this kind, this study sought to examine the therapeutic effect of this drug in patients with scleroderma and lung disease.
Materials & Methods: A total of 20 patients with scleroderma and lung parenchymal disease received intravenous cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m2) along with gradually tapering prednisolone (20-7.5 mg/day) and azathioprine (2mg/kg) after discontinuation of the former for six consecutive months. The Transition Dyspnea Index (TDI), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Total Lung Capacity (TLC), 17 revised Rodnan Score were examined three and six months after starting the treatment.
Results: Six months after treatment, significant changes in FVC (p = 0.55), TLC (p = 0.39), FEV1 (p=0.27), 17 revised Rodnan Score (p=0.98) was not observed. The TDI also did not show significant changes during the six months of treatment (p = 0.79). Based on the type of antibody was not seen significant difference in the amount of TDI.
Conclusion: Administration of intravenous cyclophosphamide in the treatment of scleroderma in patients with pulmonary involvement of our study did not have considerable effects on pulmonary function and clinical manifestations that were similar to other studies in this field.
SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2016: 27(6): 475 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-3199-en.pdf
Scleroderma
Lung Disease
Cyclophosphamide
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2016-09
27
6
476
485
article
The effect of induced diabetes and its treatment with zinc sulfate & vanadium on reproductive system in rat
ali amini
aliamini10@yahoo.com
1
paria parto
pariaparto@gmail.com
2
namdar Yousufvand
Yousufnam@yahoo.com
3
Razi University
Razi University
Razi University
Background & Aims: Diabetes mellitus is associated with changes in testicular tissue. Here, the effects of co-administration of zinc and vanadium sulfate on testicular damage in diabetic animals were studied.
Materials & Methods: Moderate diabetic hyperglycemia was induced by injection of streptozotocin (STZ) 40 mg/kg, ip. Five groups of animals were selected (n=5). Group I: As normal group, during the trial period did not receive any drug treatment and consumed tap water during 45 days. Group II: As control diabetic group, received STZ 40mg/kg, ip injection. During the trial period they did not receive any drug treatment and they consumed tap water. The diabetic animals (STZ 40mg/kg, ip) with 500-600 mg/dl blood glucose levels were randomly divided into three groups: Group III: As under treatment 1, used drinkable water containing 1mg/ml of vanadium sulfate Group IV: As under treatment 2, used drinkable water (0.25 mg/ml zinc sulfate) Group V: As under treatment 3, used drinkable water (1mg/ml of vanadium sulfate and 0.25 mg/ml zinc sulfate). Testicular damage were assessed using H & E staining.
Results: Zinc sulfate and vanadium sulfate and their combination have reduced glucose plasma levels in diabetic rats. Vanadium sulfate reduced spermatogenesis and seminiferous tubule diameter in diabetic rats. Seminiferous tubule diameter and spermatogenesis have increased in diabetic rats receiving a combination of oral zinc and vanadium sulfate.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the use of zinc sulfate reduced testicular damage and can neutralize the negative effects of vanadium sulfate on testis in diabetic rats.
SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2016: 27(6): 485 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-3271-en.pdf
Diabetes
Glucose
Rat
Vanadium;
amp
amp
Zinc-sulfate
Testis
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2016-09
27
6
486
493
article
MANUFACTURE OF NANO-FIBERS ELECTROSPUN POLY-AMIDOAMINES CONTAINING DOXORUBICIN
Saman Ayoubi
1
Mohammad Sadegh Hashemzadeh
msh.biotechnology@gmail.com
2
Allergy and Asthma Immunology Research Center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Background & Aims: Doxorubicin sold under the trade names Adriamycin is an anticancer drug that interferes with the growth and spread of cancer cells in the body. The purpose of this study was to produce nano-fibers, polyamide amine (PAMAM) containing Doxorubicin drug using electrospinning technique.
Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Faculty of Pharmacy in Tehran University of Medical Sciences, from 2014 to 2015. In the this study, concentration of PAMAM in ethanol, ratio of drug to polymer, Voltage and output current intensity as independent variables, and the diameter of the fibers produced as the dependent variable were selected and studied. Then using the SPSS software, equation of producing nano-fibers were evaluated and the polymer films containing drug by SEM attention of the morphologic, and the diameter of the fibers and the FTIR were studied both physically and chemically.
Results: According to the FT-IR of drug with the polymer After the electrospinning process, it was revealed that neither of these two materials lost their properties during electrospinning, and no chemical change was observed in their structure.
Conclusion: Provided that the solution concentration and the ratio of drug to polymer reduces, defective fibers will be formed, and further reduction of these two parameters will lead to formation of micro and nano particles.
SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2016: 27(6): 493 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-3590-en.pdf
Doxorubicin
Poly-amidoamines
Nanofibers
Electrospinning
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2016-09
27
6
494
502
article
STUDY OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL STATUS, MEDICAL HISTORY LIVING DONOR KIDNEY PRIOR TO DONATION AND RELATED FACTORS WITH DURATION OF HOSPITALIZATION AFTER NEPHRECTOMY IN TRANSPLANT CENTER OF IMAM KHOMEINI HOSPITAL, URMIA (1996 - 2015)
Ehsan Allah Kalteh
1
Shaker Salarilak
salari@iaut.ac.ir, salarilak@yahoo.com
2
Ali Taghizadeh Afshari
3
Hamid Reza Khalkhali
4
Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
Department of Public Health, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
, Nephrology, and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Department of Urology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
Background & Aims: The superior results achieved with kidney transplantation from living donors have resulted in an increase in this method of transplantation. But donors need to have a major operative procedure that is associated with morbidity and mortality. Duration of hospitalization after surgery is a measure to express health consequences as well as one of the most important determinants of the cost of the transplant. Therefore, this study aimed to study the demographic status, medical history and clinical living donor kidney prior to donation and related factors the duration of hospitalization after nephrectomy in transplant center of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia.
Materials & Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study that was conducted on 1463 living donors who were operated in transplant center of Imam Khomeini Hospital, between 21March 1996 to 19 March 2015. Associations between demographic variables and clinical findings before kidney donation and health history of patients with duration of hospitalization after kidney donation were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U-test
Results: There were 1367 (93.4%) male and 96 (6.6%) female donors. The mean donation age, systolic blood pressure, Diastolic (Nephrectomy before) and after nephrectomy duration of hospitalization were 27.92±5.34 years, 112.12 ±10.5 &71.28±8.89 mmHg and 3.14±0.96 days, respectively. The prevalence of tobacco use, hypertension, hospitalization history and drug was 61.2%, 3%, 27.4% and 5.7%, respectively. Being older than 40 years (p<0.001), female (p<0.05), non-smoking (p<0.001), lack of hospitalization before donation (p<0.01), relative affinity relationship with the receiver (p<0.001) and right kidney donation (p<0.05) were the factors that increased the duration of hospitalization after nephrectomy.
Conclusion: It is recommended to minimize the duration of hospitalization for donors after surgery, using male gender younger than 40 years old.
SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2016: 27(6): 502 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-3591-en.pdf
Kidney
Kidney transplantation
Living donors
Nephrectomy
Hospital stay
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2016-09
27
6
503
514
article
Stereological study on the protective effect of Nigella sativa oil on the mice testis tissue following Para-Nonylphenol induced toxicity
Malek Soleimani Mehranjani
Email: m-soleimani@araku.ac.ir
1
Mohammad Ali Shariatzadeh
S-Shariatzadeh@araku.ac.ir
2
Arezoo solati
arezoo.sulati@yahoo.com
3
Arak university
Arak university
Arak university
Background & Aims: Para-Nonylphenol (p-NP) is an estrogenic compound with toxic effects on the various organs including testis. The purpose of this investigation was to study the toxic effects of p-NP on the testis tissue of mice and evaluation of the effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) against this toxicity
Materials & Methods: This study was conducted on 24 adult male NMRI mice (32±3 g) that were divided into 4 groups (n=6), control, NSO (5mg/kg/day), p-NP (250mg/kg/day) and p-NP + NSO, and treated orally for 34 days. Finally, mice were sacrificed, their right testis were taken out, fixed, sectioned, processed and stained using HeidenhainĚ• & azan method. Testicular tissue sections were evaluated using stereological method. Lipid peroxidation index, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, was also measured in serum of mice. The data were statistically analyzed using one way ANOVA and difference means was considered significant at P<0.05.
Results: A significant decrease in the diameter (P<0.008), height of the germinal epithelium (P<0.007), the thickness of the basement membrane (P<0.05) of the seminiferous tubules, the total number of long and round spermatids, spermatocytes, spermatogonia and sertoli cells (p<0.001) and also a significant increase in the MDA level (p<0.001) was observed in the p-NP group compared to the control. The above parameters were significantly compensated in the p-NP+NSO group to the control level (P<0.05).
Conclusion: NSO has a protective effect on the p-NP toxicity in the mice testis therefore it can be suggested as a raputic supplement in preventing the adverse effects of p-NP exposure in industrial zones.
SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2016: 27(6): 514 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-3253-en.pdf
Stereology
Testis
Para- nonylphenol
Nigella sativa oil
Mice
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2016-09
27
6
515
522
article
The Relationship between Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity and Immaturity in Children Ages 13-7 Years Old Referring to Health Centers in the City of Rafsanjan in 1392
Maedeh Nasrollahzadeh Masoomian
maedeh@icloud.com
1
Zahra Asadollahi
saeedehjam@ut.ac.ir
2
Fariba Sepehri
sepehri_f66@yahoo.com
3
Abbas Fatehi
sh.kharazmi@gmail.com
4
Mohammad Hossein Salehi Shahrbabaki
tb.salehi@yahoo.com
5
Reza Bidaki
Reza_bidaki@yahoo.com
6
University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan
University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan
University of Isfahan
University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan
University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan
University of Medical Sciences Shahid Sadoughi
Background & Aims: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in children. Lack of attention and recognition can have harmful effects on the individual and family. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between attention deficit / hyperactivity (ADHD) in children with premature birth.
Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study 550 children from 7 to 12 years old who referred to health centers of Rafsanjan in 2014 were included. Health records of patients, Conners’ Rating Scales and demographic questionnaire were used. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, Chi-square test and SPSS-18.
Results: In this study, 28 patients (5.5%) weighed less than 2500 grams at birth. From the 49 children with ADHD, 14 (6.28%) children were born premature. The difference between children with ADHD and without ADHD in terms of birth weight was significant (P =001.0).
Conclusion: Precocity, age, type of delivery, birth weight and alcohol consumption during pregnancy seem to have decisive role in the development of attention deficit / hyperactivity (ADHD) in children. Paying attention to factors that can predict the risk of attention deficit / hyperactivity in children in the future is essential.
SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2016: 27(6): 522 ISSN: 1027-3727
.
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-3187-en.pdf
Prematurity
Attention deficit hyperactivity
Connors
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2016-09
27
6
523
532
article
STUDY OF GENES AS BIOMARKERS IN DISTINGUISH CANCEROUS FROM NORMAL TISSUE SAMPLES IN PROSTATE CANCER
shahin ramazi
shahinramazi@yahoo.com
1
ali fasihi
aliac88@gmail.com
2
marziye abolhassani
shahinramazi@yahoo.com
3
ellham izady
4
Department of Genetic, Biology Faculty, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
Department of Genetic, Biology Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences,Shahrekord, Iran
Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
Background & Aims: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. The identification of sensitive and specific biomarkers in tissue and serum is of utmost importance to reduce the mortality of prostate cancer. Since that, early detection of cancer has an important role in treatment, in this study we tried to identify genes that could potentially effective in early screening for prostate cancer. Using logistic regression, suitable model to screen tumor samples from normal samples was designed.
Materials & Methods: In this study, gene expression data of metastatic and non-metastatic cancer samples and normal prostate samples were collected from the NCBI database. By examining the expression level of genes in these samples, valuable genes for screening were identified.
Results: Using logistic regression two model were designed based on the increase or decrease in the expression of genes. The Area under the curve, sensitivity and specificity for the first model were, respectively, 0.968, 0.911 and 0.914 and for the second model 0.991, 0.951 and 0.956, respectively.
Conclusion: Due to the high value of sensitivity and specificity in the designed models, studied Genes have the potential for screening prostate cancer in the early stages and metastasis stages of cancer
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-3232-en.pdf
Prostat cancer
Biomarker
Gene Expression
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2016-09
27
6
533
540
article
ANTIBIOTICAL RESISTANCE PATTERN OF MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM POSITIVE BLOOD CULTURES AT ICUS OF IMAM KHOMEINI HOSPITAL
Azar Hemmati
liphd83@yahoo.com
1
Alireza Nikoonejad
anikoonejad@yahoo.com
2
Lida Lotfollahi
sadeguuuk@yahoo.com
3
Sadegh Jahed
rnejadrahim@yahoo.com
4
Rahim Nejadrahim
nabizadeh.edris@yahoo.com
5
Edris Nabizadeh
Ahangari.taher@gmail.com
6
Taher Ahangari
7
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Background & Aims: The increasing rate of antibiotic resistant bacteria in different wards of hospitals, especially in the intensive care units and increasing rates of morbidity and mortality due to these bacteria, highlights the need for awareness of antibiotic resistance patterns. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of microorganisms isolated from positive blood cultures at ICUs of Imam Khomeini Hospital during 2011-2013.
Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was done from September 2011 until March 2013 in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia. During study, positive blood culture specimens of ICU patients were sent to the laboratory. The evaluated cases were determined for resistance by DDA method. Type of bacteria and results of antibiogram recorded in testing sheets were collected and the data were analyzed by SPSS software 20.
Results: Among all blood cultures were carried out in the mentioned period, about 101 positive results were reported. Among them 56 (55.4%) and 45 (44.6%) were men and women, respectively. Patients' age ranged from 13 to 94 and the average age of them was 57.8. The most common Gram-positive bacteria that grew in blood cultures were coagulase negative staphylococci (35.6%) and the most effective antibiotic against them was vancomycin and the less effective antibiotics were imipenem, amoxicillin and cephalexin. The most common Gram-negative bacteria isolated was E.coli (19.8%) and the most effective antibiotics to this microorganism were Ceftazidime and Tetracycline and the less effective were Cephalexin and Nalidixic Acid.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there is significant resistance to most antibiotics used commonly, perhaps one of the reasons of this reality is massive and incorrect using of antibiotics. It should be noted that the precise determination of antibiotic resistance pattern requires further study with more samples in different therapeutic centers and repeating of such assessments periodically.
SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2016: 27(6): 540 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-3151-en.pdf
antibiotic resistance
microorganism
blood culture