per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2015-05
26
3
176
184
article
INVESTIGATING RESPONSE OF SPLEEN AND ERYTHROCYTES ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE SYSTEM ON THE EFFECTS OF N-ACETYL CYSTEINE AGAINST PARAOXON TOXICITY IN RAT
Saeed Khazaie
1
Mahvash Jafari
m.jafari145@gmail.com
2
Javad Heydari
3
Fatemeh Salem
4
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Background & Aims : Paraoxon (POX) as an organophosphate pesticide is the active form of parathion that is widely used in agriculture. Antioxidants can protect cells from oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of NAC as a n antioxidant against POX- induced oxidative stress in rat spleen and erythrocytes. Material & Methods : In the present experimental study, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups including: control group (corn oil as POX solvent), POX group (0.7 mg/kg), NAC group (160 mg/kg), and NAC+POX all of which were given intraperitoneally. Then, 24 hours after injection, the animals were anesthetized, spleen tissues were quickly removed and blood was also collected by cardiac puncture and erythrocytes were obtained. Then, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, as well as glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined by biochemical methods. Results: POX increased SOD and GST activities and decreased GSH content in rat spleen and erythrocytes. Also, POX increased CAT activity and MDA level in erythrocytes and decreased CAT activity in spleen. Administration of NAC inhibited the changes in these parameters. Conclusion: POX with free radical production and depleted GSH content leads to oxidative stress induction in spleen and erythrocytes. Administration of NAC as antioxidant decreases POX-induced oxidative stress by scaveng ing free radicals and GSH synthesis , but it does not protect completely. SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2015: 26(3): 184 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2802-en.pdf
Paraoxon
N-acetyl cysteine
Oxidative stress
Spleen
Erythrocyte
Rat
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2015-05
26
3
185
193
article
EFFECT OF CONCURRENT TRAINING WITH INGESTED OF L-CARNITINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON HORMONAL CHANGES, LIPID PROFILE AND BODY COMPOSITION IN OBESE MEN
Mehdi Hakimi
Mehdihakimi66@yahoo.com
1
Dariush Sheikholeslami-Vatani
2
Maryam Ali-Mohammadi
3
Department of Physical Education & Sport Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
Teacher of Physical Education and Sport, Marivan Education Organization, Kurdistan, Iran
Background & Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance and endurance concurrent training combined with ingested of L-Carnitine supplementation on hormonal changes, lipid profile, and body composition in obese men.Materials & Methods: Twenty four young obese men (age: 23.6±2.4 years and BMI: 32.4±1.6 kg/m2) volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly divided into two groups of 12 people taking the supplement and placebo. Both groups performed the same concurrent resistance and endurance training program (3 times a week for 8 weeks). The supplement group consumed daily 3g of L-carnitine and the placebo group ingested the same amount of maltodextrin. Blood samples were collected before and 36h after completion of the training course in the fasting state. The paired sample t-test was used to determine differences within a group, and differences between groups were analyzed using independent t-test. Results: In both supplement and placebo groups a significant decrease were seen in body weight, fat mass, body fat percentage, cholesterol, TG and LDL-c after 8 weeks of concurrent training. Moreover, a significant increase was observed in HDL-c (p≤0.05). After more, a significant increase in cortisol (in both groups) and testosterone (only in the supplement group) were observed (p≤0.05). However, in all the variables mentioned, there were significant differences between groups in favor of the group receiving carnitine at the post-test. In other words, the rate of improvement was significantly greater in the supplement group compared to the placebo group (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Although the implementation of a combination of resistance and endurance training for 8 weeks improves body composition, lipid profile and hormonal changes in obese subjects, but the rate of progress was significantly improved with supplementation of L-carnitine. SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2015: 26(3): 193 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2803-en.pdf
Resistance training
Endurance training
Fat mass
Obesity
L-Carnitine
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2015-05
26
3
194
204
article
COMPARING EFFECTIVENESS OF GROUP EMOTION-FOCUSED COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY AND GROUP COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY ON CHILDREN WITH SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER
Afrooz Afshari
afroozafshari@gmail.com
1
Shole Amiri
2
Hamid Taher Neshat Doost
3
Fatemeh Rezaie
4
Psychology Department, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
Psychology Department, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
, Psychology Department, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
Psychology Department, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Lorestan, Lorestan, Iran
Background; Aims: Social anxiety disorder is one of the prevalent disorders of childhood and delayed or inappropriate treatment can cause chronicity, conversion, and comorbidity of disorder with other psychiatric problems. Early effective interventions can yield lasting benefits for children, family, and society. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare cognitive-behavioral (CBT) and emotion-focused cognitive behavioral therapies' effectiveness (ECBT) on social anxiety disorder of 9-13 year old children in Isfahan. Materials & Methods: This experimental study included pretest, post-test and follow-up with a control group. The study population was all 9-13 year old children with social anxiety disorder in Isfahan. The samples were 36 children with social anxiety (18 girls and 18 boys) randomly assigned to CBT, ECBT and control group (with no treatment). Before and after the treatment and 3 months afterwards children were tested by SCARED (for anxiety) and CEMS (for emotional management) questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results: The findings revealed that both treatments (CBT & ECBT) in comparison with the control group in post-treatment and follow-up caused reduction of social and total anxiety scores and sadness dysregulation and there was no difference between two groups. Also emotion focused therapy in comparison to controls significantly reduced anger dysregulation and sadness inhibition, increased sadness and anger coping, and was different with cognitive behavioral therapy (p<0.05).Conclusion: In children with social anxiety, there is no difference between CBT and ECBT in effecting on anxiety and sadness dysregulation, but ECBT can improve negative emotional management (sadness and anger). So using this protocol is recommended to therapists if in addition to anxiety, the child has problem with managing other negative emotions.
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2804-en.pdf
Social anxiety
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Emotion-focused cognitive behavioral therapy
Emotional management
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2015-05
26
3
205
214
article
THE PATIENTS\' SATISFACTION OF EMERGENCY WARDS FUNCTION OF IMAM KHOMEINI EDUCATIONAL AND TREATMENT CENTER
Sajjad Ahmadi
1
Gholamreza Faridaalaee
2
Seyed HesaSajjad Ahmadim Rahmani
Rahmani_h@umsu.ac.ir
3
Farid Taghavi
4
Sajjad Ahmadi
Sajjad Ahmadi
Assistant Professor, Emergency Medicine Department, Faculty of Paramedicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Madani Hospital, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Background & Aims: Patient satisfaction plays an important role in healthcare process and certainly reflects the quality of care. Evaluation of patients’ satisfaction helps discover problems and perform necessary measures to improve this quality. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of satisfaction of the emergency patients in Imam Khomeini Hospital at Urmia.Material & Methods: This cross-sectional research was conducted on 500 patients admitted in the emergency ward of Imam Khomeini hospital of Urmia. The data were gathered by a questionnaire and were analyzed by SPSS-18 software.Results: The findings showed that the highest percentage of satisfaction was related to physician behaviors (81%), availability of medicines and medical equipment (78.6%) and attending physician’s availability and late arrival at the emergency ward (69.4%).The lowest satisfaction was related to the furniture in the waiting area of the emergency ward (50%), on-time presence of patient transporter (24.4%) and the rapid and on-time acceptance (17.4%).Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that closer attention must be paid to the physical space and emergency facilities, recruitment and manpower supply, ancillary facilities and also more attempt is needed to reduce the waiting time for acceptance in the emergency ward.SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2015: 26(3): 214 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2805-en.pdf
Patients satisfaction
Emergency ward
Urmia
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2015-05
26
3
215
226
article
THE EFFECT OF PRP IN REPAIR OF FEMORAL ARTICULAR CARTILAGE NOTCHES ON EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED OSTEOARTHRITIS RABBIT
Morteza Kalbkhani
Dr_m_kalbkhani@yahoo.com
1
Seifollah N. Dehghani
2
Alireza Najafpour
3
Siamak Naji Hadadi
4
Naeimeh Ghorbanzadeh
5
Mohamad Hossein Kalbkhani
6
Young Researchers and Elite Club, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad university, Urmia, Iran
Department of Veterinary Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Motahari Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
Department of Veterinary Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Department of Physical Education, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
Background & Aims: Osteoartheritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by gradual degeneration of the joint cartilage, osteophyte formation, fibrillation and articular cartilage cracks. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) contains growth factors and promotes regeneration of bones. Therefore the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of PRP on cartilage repair in the osteoarthritis model in rabbits. Materials ;Methods: In this study, 25 white New Zealand rabbits of both sexes were used. The anterior cruciate ligament of the right knee joint was resisted under general anesthesia. Eight weeks following the operation, they were divided into five groups. The first group served as the control group that received no treatment. The rest of rabbits received autogenic PRP in their joints. The rabbits were euthanized and the joints were sampled for histopathologic study at 8 and 12 weeks post PRP injection. Results: The results proved that the autogenic PRP is rich of growth factors and repairs the degenerated joints histology significantly compared to the control group and is useful in the treatment of osteoarthritis.Conclusion: PRP can be used to treat the joints affected by oateoarhteritis. SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2015: 26(3): 226 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2806-en.pdf
Platelet rich plasma
Osteoarthritis
Knee joint
Rabbits.
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2015-05
26
3
227
236
article
THE EFFECTS OF INTERVAL COMBINED ENDURANCE TRAINING ON SOME KEY REVERSE CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT FACTORS IN BOY ADOLESCENTS
Bahloul Ghorbanian
b.ghorbanian@azaruniv.ac.ir
1
Aghali Ghasemnian
2
, Department of Physical Education & Sports Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Azarbayjan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
Background & Aims: ABCA1 as a member of the ABC transporters family plays a crucial role in RCT, HDL-C formation andultimatly CAD prevention. The purpose of this study was to investigate ABCA1 expression in lymphocytes, plasma apolipoprotein A-I and lipid profiles in response to eight weeks interval combined endurance training (ICET) among overweight and obese boy adolescents. Materials & Methods: This study was conducted on 28 healthy overweight and obese male adolescents (17.1 ± 1.08 yr, 89.91 ± 9.98 kg and 28.32 ± 2.55 kg / m²) who volunteered and were randomly assigned into training (n = 13) and control (n = 15) groups. Exercise protocol was ICET (8WK, 4 d/wk, 70 min/d). Cell hemolysis and sensitive Elisa method was used for Lymphocyte ABAC1 measurement. The Student's t-test and SPSS16 were employed for data analysis.Results: The results showed that in post-exercise the amounts of ABCA1 and VO2 max significantly increased and TC,TG, LDL-c/HDL-c, TC/HDL-c, and PBF, WC and BMI significantly decreased (p>0.05). Changes in other variables such as ApoA-I, HDL-c, LDL-c, and body weight were not significant (p<0.05).Conclusion: It seems that ICET can have positive effects on ABCA1 (as important factor RCT) and some lipid and physiological indicators and ultimately in prevention of arteriosclerosis in overweight and obesity of adolescents. SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2015: 26(3): 236 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2807-en.pdf
ABCA1
ApoA-I
Aerobic endurance training
Overweight and obese boy adolescents
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2015-05
26
3
237
242
article
COMPARISON OF ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICES IN CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM DETECTED BY SCREENING, WITH HEALTHY CHILDREN IN SCHOOL AGE
Ali Hossein Zeinalzadeh
1
Mahasti Alizadeh
2
Hossein Dadashzadeh
3
Hamide Zamani
4
Jabraeel Shaarbafi
5
Malihe Talebi
6
Rana Hisseini
Dr.ranah@yahoo.com
7
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, , Department of Preventive and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Social Determinants of Health Research Center,, Department of Preventive and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Razi hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Control and Surveillance of NCD Unit, Deputy of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Control and Surveillance of NCD Unit, Deputy of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Department of Preventive and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical
Background & Aims: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common causes of preventable growth disorders and mental retardation, but can be prevented by early diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antropomethric indices of children with congenital hypothyroidism and compare with healthy children at the age of school. Materials & Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 30 children with CH who were diagnosed during the CH screening program in 2006-2007 and 30 healthy children were compared. Results: The mean of weight (3.31± 0.31), height (50.26 ± 2.08) and head circumference (34.51 ± 1.42) at birth were not significantly different from healthy children. The mean of weight in children with CH at the age of school (25.47 ± 17.1) and healthy children was not significantly different but the mean of height in studied patients (117.3± 6.00) was significantly (p<0.001) lower than the healthy children (123.3± 5.8). Conclusion: In this study the mean of weight in studied patients at the age of school wasn’t significantly different from the healthy children but the mean of height was significantly different. Keywords: Congenital hypothyroidism, Antropometric indicies, Weight, Height, Screening SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2015: 26(3): 242 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2813-en.pdf
Congenital hypothyroidism
Antropometric indicies
Weight
Height
Screening
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2015-05
26
3
243
251
article
EFFECTS OF A SINGLE SESSION CIRCUIT-RESISTANCE EXERCISE AT DIFFERENT INTENSITIES ON OREXIGENIC PEPTIDES/PROTEINS NPY AND GHRELIN IN HEALTHY MALE STUDENTS
Mohammad Reza Kordi
1
Abbas Ghanbari Niaki
2
Ali Asghar Fallah
Ali.fallahi62@gmail.com
3
Alireza Abbasi
4
Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Amol, Amol, Iran
Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
Background & Aims: The effect of exercise on appetite regulating peptides is an important issue that can help to find solutions for prevention and treatment of obesity. Also, there is not much information about it. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a single session circuit-resistance exercise in difference intensities 40, 60, and 80% of 1 repeated maximum (1RM), on orexigenic peptides/proteins NPY and ghrelin in healthy malestudent. Materials & Methods: Twenty seven male student with mean and standard deviation age (21.40±1.78), height (1.72±0.045), weight (68.85±5.39) and BMI (22.99±1.11) were selected and randomly divided into 3 resistance exercise groups with intensity of 40% (n=9), 60% (n=9) and 80%(n=9) 1RM. Resistance circuit exercise program include trunk extension, skate 90 degree, bench press, knee extension, upper press, biceps with halter, sit up, tree ceps with halter, dead lift, rowing. Then ANOVA and Pair t-test were used for analyzing the data in SPSS. Results: Analysis of data showed, acute circuit exercise with difference intensity had a incremental effect on ghrelin and NPY but there was not any significant differences between three intensities (ghrelin, p=0.96 and, NPY, p= 0.531). Also, within group effect of acute circuit exercise with intensity of 60% and 80% have significant effects on ghrelin (p= 0.009) NPY (p=0.002), respectivelyConclusion: Our study suggests that there is not any significant difference between effects of different intensity acute circuit exercise on ghrelin and NPY but it was more significant with increasing intensity of incremental effects of circuit exercise. SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2015: 26(3): 251 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2814-en.pdf
Acute circuit exercise
Ghrelin
NPY
Male student
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2015-05
26
3
252
259
article
THE EFFECTS OF PENTOXIFYLLINE ON GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION, PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND EXPRESSIONS OF PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA GENE IN TYPE 1 DIABETIC MICE
Farrin Maleki fard
1
, Norooz Delirezh
n.delirezh@urmia.ac.ir
2
Rahim Hobenaghi
3
Hassan Malekinezhad
4
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Background & Aims: It has been shown that some drugs such as Pentoxifylline (PTX) have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity that might represent a potential preventive therapy for autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of pentoxifylline on the treatment of autoimmune diabetes in mice and its effects on expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) gene. Materials & Methods: Diabetes was induced by multiple low-dose of streptozotocin (MLDS) injection (40 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days) in male C57BL/6 mice. After induction of diabetes, mice were treated with Pentoxifylline (100 mg/kg/day i.p.) for 21 days. Blood glucose levels was measured in 0, 7, 14 and 21 days after Streptozotocin induction induced diabetes. Splenocytes were tested for cytokines production by ELISA. Subsequently expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) gene in spleens were tested by semi-quantitative RT-PC.Results: Pentoxifylline treatment prevented hyperglycemia in the diabetic mice. Pentoxifylline treatment also significantly inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 17 (IL-17) as well as interferon gamma (IFN-γ) while increased the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) gene expression in spleens as compared with those in diabetic control group (p< 0.05).Conclusion: Finally, these findings indicate that Pentoxifylline may have a therapeutic effect against the autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta-cells during the development of MLDS-induced type 1 diabetes in mice. SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2015: 26(3): 259 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2815-en.pdf
Type 1 diabetes
Pentoxifylline
Cytokine
Proliferator-activated receptor gamma
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2015-05
26
3
260
267
article
NUTRITIONAL INTAKES OF ZINC, IRON, AND VITAMINS RELATIONS WITH SERUM LEVELS OF ZINC AND IRON IN EARLY PREGNANCY
Somaieh Soltanmora
1
Lida Moghaddam-Banaem
moghaddamb@modares.ac.ir
2
Maryam Amini
3
., Department of Midwifery & Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Department of Midwifery & Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Background & Aims: Considering the important role of pregnancy nutrition on maternal and fetal health, this study was performed to define the effects of nutritional intakes of some vitamins, zinc, and iron on serum levels of zinc and iron in the first half of pregnancy.Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 538 pregnant women attending Tehran prenatal clinics in their first half of pregnancy in 2011. Upon entry into the study, a general demographic and a food frequency questionnaire were completed for all participants and then a venous blood sample was taken from them. The data were analyzed by N4 (nutritional software) and SPSS.Results: In correlation analysis, iron serum levels had direct correlation with daily intakes of vitamin K (r: 0.095, p-value: 0.027) and vitamin A (r: 0.16, p-value<0.001). In linear regression analysis, there was a significant relation between zinc serum levels and consumption of folic acid (β: 0.131, p-value: 0.003) and iron supplementation (β: -0.094, p-value: 0.034). Also in linear regression analysis, there were significant relation between iron serum levels and dietary intakes of zinc (β: -0.142, p-value: 0.053), and vitamin A (β: 0.150, p-value: 0.001).Conclusion: Considering the obtained results about the dietary intakes of zinc and iron not affecting their serum levels in early pregnancy, these findings need further investigation. Also, considering the negative effect of iron supplementation on zinc serum levels, this supplement should be provided with more precaution in pregnancy. SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2015: 26(3): 267 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2817-en.pdf
Pregnancy
Vitamins
Iron
Zinc