per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2014-09
25
7
549
560
article
A SURVEY ON EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECTS OF PEDESTRIAN ROAD ACCIDENT VICTIMS IN SHOHADA REFERRAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL, EAST AZERBAIJAN PROVINCE
Saber Ghafari fam
1
Homayon Sadeghi Bazargani
2
Shaker Salarilak
salarilak@yahoo.com, salari@iaut.ac.ir
3
Health Faculty, Student Research Club, Tabriz University of Medical University
Health Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical University
Department of Public Health, Medical Sciences Faculty, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
Background & Aims: Pedestrians are the most sustainable category among user groups of roads. The present study aims to describe some of the epidemiological and demographic aspects of pedestrian road accident victims injured in road traffic accidents (RTAs) in the Shohada Referral University Hospital, East Azerbaijan province. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 177 pedestrians injured by motor vehicles in the RTAs and were hospitalized at Shohada University Hospital during May 2013 to April 2014. The investigated variables included: demographic and environmental characteristic of accidents related to the injured pedestrian. Descriptive indices such as mean± SD, frequency (percentage) and analytical statistics of Chi-square test were used. Results: The mean age in the surveyed victims was 14.26±40.05 (SD) years. Men were 86.4% of the total victims. And 27.7% of the victims had elementary education 22.6% were illiterate 27.8% of the victims were self-employed and 16.5% were workers. Economic status among injured pedestrians was 13.29±32.46. Also, 43.5% of the victims had lower extremity injuries and 31.64% were injuries to more than two organs. As well, 59.32% of pedestrians were injured in two-sided streets and 37.3% of accidents occurred during 6-12 pm. and 80.8% of the injuries happened during working days of the week. Considering weather condition, the higher proportion of accidents with 66.1% occurred in sunny days and 70.1% during day time. Also, pedestrian status during accidents, 46.9% of pedestrians were in moving and admissible line. There was significant association between type of job and site of the body injury. (P<0.05).Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that prevention and management of pedestrian injuries needs appropriate implementation from both individuals and the environment. SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2014: 25(7): 560 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2409-en.pdf
Pedestrian
Road traffic injuries (RTIs)
Traffic injury
Epidemiology
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2014-09
25
7
561
570
article
THE PREVALENCE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE II DIABETES: THE IMPORTANCE OF GENDER AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Behrouz Behrouz
Behrouz.psycho64@yahoo.com
1
Mehran Farhadi
2
Nassim Bakht
3
Fatemeh Akbari
4
Nasrin Heidarizadeh
5
Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Payame Noor
Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan
Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Science and Research Branch
Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Payame Noor
Department of Educational Sciences, University of Payame Noor
Background & Aims: Chronic medical problems, especially diabetes, are associated with psychiatric disorders and seemingly lack of sufficient physical activity is one of the mediating factors that simultaneously affect diabetes and psychological problems. The aim of this study was to investigate psychological disorders in people with diabetes and their relation to the lack of physical activity. Materials & Methods: This research was done with quasi-experimental method to study the psychological disorders in patients with type II diabetes on 210 patients (110 females and 100 males) who referred to Taleghani Diabetes Hospital in Kermanshah and completed demographic questionnaire and SCL-90-R questionnaire. Results: T-test showed that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with diabetes is over 36%. Male patients and female patients at higher hostility and paranoia, obsession, depression, and psychosis were higher, but no difference was observed in other domains. ANOVA showed housewives had more obsession and depression than self-employed people and governmental jobs. Also, their interpersonal sensitivity and psychoticism were higher than the self-employed participants. The other two groups were less hostile than housewives. Conclusion: The results show high prevalence of psychological problems in patients with diabetes and its severity was higher in women and housewives. Given that most home owners are women, there must be a relationship between their higher psychological problems and lower body mobility. SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2014: 25(7): 570 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2410-en.pdf
Psychological disorders
Diabetes
Gender
Physical activity
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2014-09
25
7
571
577
article
GIANT CELL LESIONS AT THE MOUTH AND FACE LOCATION BETWEEN THE YEARS OF 2004-2011 IN THE ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL REGION
Parya Emamverdizadeh
1
Sepideh Vosoughhosseini
Svosough rare@yahoo.com
2
Khadije Abdal
3
Mostafa Mahmoudi
4
Mahsa Taghizade
5
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Department of Oral Pathology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of Dentistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences
Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Background & Aims: Giant cell lesions are relatively common lesions of jaws. A number of cystic, metabolic, osteodystrophic, microbial, tumor and tumor like lesions of the oral cavity are associated with giant cells. Since pathogenesis incidence of lesions, age, gender and their location are vital in the detection of lesions, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral and facial giant cell lesions within a period of seven years (2004-2011) in the oral and maxillofacial pathology department of dentistry faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.Materials & Methods: In this retrospective descriptive study, the records of patients with giant cell lesion diagnosis in the oral and maxillofacial pathology department of Tabriz Dental Faculty during 2004-2011 were studied. Data obtained were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods, comparison test, and SPSS software.Results: Of 808 studied cases, 98 lesions (12.12%) were giant cell lesions and between them 91.8% were tumor and tumor like lesions. Incidence of the lesions in the fifth and sixth decades was more than other age decades. Most lesions were located in the posterior area of mandible and there was a slightly higher incidence in women than men.Conclusion: Giant cell lesions are common in oral and jaw location. The most common lesions is peripheral giant cell granuloma. SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2014: 25(7): 577 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2411-en.pdf
Oral lesion
Giant cell
Epidemiology
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2014-09
25
7
578
585
article
COMPARING THE EFFICACY OF ORAL GLUCOSE 50%, ACETAMINOPHEN AND BREAST-FEEDING ON REDUCING NEONATAL PAIN
Fatemeh Eghbalian
eghbalian_fa@yahoo.com
1
Zohreh Shalchi
2
Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Besat Hospital, Hamadan
Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Besat Hospital
Background & Aims: irritant stimuli cause a pain response in neonates and neglecting this pain may cause severe long term adverse effects for the neonates. Several pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic methods have been suggested for reducing neonatal pain but few comprehensive studies have compared these methods. This study compares the efficacy of three different methods for reducing neonatal pain and tries to determine the best one.Materials & Methods: In this study, 128 healthy term neonates were randomly divided into four equal groups. Before any painful procedure and as an analgesic method, we used 1 ml of oral 50% glucose in the first group, breast-feeding in the second, oral acetaminophen (15mg/kg/dose) in the third, and 1 ml of sterile water in the fourth (control) group. In order to measure the pain, we used standard COVERS scale.Results: The mean (±SD) of pain score in each of the three groups receiving oral glucose (4.9688±1.2044), breast-feeding (6.2188±1.3850), and acetaminophen (7.4688±1.4364) has a statistically significant difference with the control group (P=0.00, 0.00, and 0.02, respectively). Also, , the case groups were considerably different in the significant level of 0.05 with each other.Conclusion: Each of these three studied methods has significant analgesic effect on reducing neonatal pain from which oral glucose 50% was the most effective one and breast-feeding and acetaminophen were in next levels of efficacy, respectively. SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2014: 25(7): 585 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2412-en.pdf
Acetaminophen
Breast-feeding
Glucose
Neonate
Pain
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2014-09
25
7
586
597
article
EVALUATION OF APOPTOSIS IN HIPPOCAMPAL CELLS OF RAT FOLLOWING INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF BONE MARROW STROMAL CELLS IN ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION MODEL
Bagher Pourheydar
1
Maryam Shahi
bpourheydar@yahoo.com
2
Gholam Hossein Farjah
3
Masoome Javanmard
4
Mojtaba Karimipour
5
Fatemeh Atabaki
6
Department of AnatomyFaculty of Medicine, Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Background & Aims: Cerebral ischemia is known as a major worldwide problem and subsequent reperfusion leads to apoptosis or programmed cell death. Specific regions of the brain and specific types of neurons, including hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons are more sensitive in cerebral ischemia. Today cell therapy is one of the common treatments that spread among the researchers. In this study, we evaluated apoptosis in hippocampal cells of rat following intravenous injection of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in ischemia-reperfusion model.Materials & Methods: In this study, adult male wistar rats (n=40) weighting (250-300g) were used. The rats were divided into the five groups of 8 animals including: control, sham, ischemia, vehicle, and treatment. In the sham group surgery was performed without blocking common carotid arteries. In ischemia group common carotid arteries blocked for twenty minutes and then allowed to reperfusion. In the vehicle group 7 days after ischemia, 30µl PBS was injected via tail vein. In the treatment group BMSC cells (800000/ 30 µl suspension) were injected into the tail vein 7 days after ischemia. And 72 hours before transplantation, the cells were labeled with Brdu. 12 days after ischemia, rats were fixed with 4% Paraformaldehyde through transcardial perfusion and their brains were removed. After histological processing, 5 micron sections were prepared for staining. For immunohistochemistry study anti-Brdu anti-body was used and BMSC cells were identified. Apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL staining.Results: Sever apoptosis was observed in ischemia group. The mortality rate in the group which was treated with BMSC was lower.Conclusion: Ischemia-reperfusion for 20 minutes causes damage and extensive neural death in the hippocampus, especially in CA1 region and injection of bone marrow stromal stem cells significantly decreased the number of apoptotic neurons. SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2014: 25(7): 597 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2413-en.pdf
Ischemia
Reperfusion
Hippocampal
Bone marrow stromal cells
Apoptosis
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2014-09
25
7
598
604
article
IMPACT OF PRIMARY INFERTILITY ON LIFE QUALITY IN URMIA, IRAN
Hamidreza Farrokh-Eslamlou
1
Masoumeh Hajishafiha
mhajshafiha@gmail.com
2
Esmat Sadat Kazemi
3
, Sima Oshnouei
4
Reproductive Health Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Reproductive Health Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Reproductive Health Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Reproductive Health Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Background & Aims: Primary infertility may affect communication skills, occupational and physical health of women. The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of primary infertility on different domains of life quality in an Iranian community. Materials & Methods: The research was performed on 60 primary infertile women seeking infertility treatment and 60 fertile women with similar sociodemographic characteristics. World Health Organization’s QOL-BREF questionnaire was used to investigate health related life quality.Results: The sociodemographic characteristics between two groups were similar with no significant difference, except menstruation. Compared with the fertile women, the women with primary infertility had significantly lower ratios of quality of life in both physical (P=0.04) and psychological (P=0.01) domains. There was no difference in physical and environmental domains of life quality between two groups.Conclusion: Women with primary infertility need psychological and social support to improve their life quality. SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2014: 25(7): 604 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2414-en.pdf
Infertility
Quality of life
Psychological health
Social health
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2014-09
25
7
605
615
article
THE EFFECTS OF GRAPE SEED OIL ON HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE PANCREAS, LIVER AND PLASMA LIPIDS IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Shahram Javadi
S.Javadi@urmia.ac.ir
1
Asiye Eftekhari
2
Amir Abbas Farshid
3
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University
Background & Aims: Diabetes Mellitus is the most prevalent endocrine diseases causing nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular complications. Dyslipidemia, acute pancreatic necrosis, and fat metabolism disorders in liver of diabetic patients have been reported. Studies suggest that grape seed oil constitute anti-oxidant activity capable of decreasing serum cholesterol as well as liver total cholesterol level.Materials & Methods: Wistar male rats were made diabetic by a single dose of streptozotocin (42mg/kg). The rats were fed with a balanced diet in two control and grape seed oil groups. After three weeks blood samples were collected and rats were euthanized, the pathologic changes of pancreas and liver and changes in the lipids of the plasma pancreas and liver were investigated.Results: Plasma levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and LDL was significantly lower in grape seed oil group. There were no significant differences in plasma HDL between two groups. In diabetic control rats’ congestion, hemorrhage, edema, and diffuse necrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells in pancreas and congestion, bleeding and inflammatory cells infiltration to the port area of the liver were observed. Significant reduction of edema in the pancreas of the grape seed oil group was observed. Although a decrease in hemorrhage in the liver of grape seed fed rats were observed, this did not reach to statistical significance.Conclusion: It is concluded that the grape seed oil could have beneficial effect on lowering LDL, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels as well as remarkable reduction of the pancreatic edema in diabetic rats. SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2014: 25(7): 615 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2415-en.pdf
Diabetes Mellitus
Grape seed oil
Dyslipidemia
Streptozotocin
Rat
Liver
Pancreas
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2014-09
25
7
616
622
article
IN VITRO COMPARISON OF ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF MISWAK WITH CHLORHEXIDINE 0.2% ON SOME COMMON ORAL BACTERIA
Negar Sarrafan
sarrafannegar@yahoo.com
1
Farimah Sardary
2
Mohammd Jafari
3
Amin Arsalan
4
Oral Medicine Department, Dental Faculty, Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Oral Medicine Department, Dental Faculty, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Oral Medicine Department, Dental Faculty, Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Background & Aims: Nowadays, due to the occurrence of bacterial resistance phenomenon against antibiotics and side effects of these drugs, herbs that possess antimicrobial activity have been noticed more than before. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial effects of different concentrations of miswak extract with chlorhexidine 0.2% on Lactobacillus acidofillus, Streptococcus Mitts, Actinomyces Viscosus.Materials & Methods: In this laboratory study, the antimicrobial effect of miswak extract was determined on above mentioned bacteria. Alcoholic extract of miswak was prepared, and then four different concentrations ( ) were prepared. These bacteria were cultured on culture medium of brain heart infusion Agar. Within each culture plate was placed a disc of one of concentrations of miswak extract, a disc of chlorhexidine 0.2%, a disc of tetracycline as positive controls, and a disc of distilled water as negative controls. After 48 hours, each of concentrations of miswak extract were compared with the mean of inhibition zone diameter in chlorhexidine 0.2%, tetracycline, and distilled water using one-way ANOVA.Results: The mean of inhibition zone diameter around the discs of miswak tree extract in all concentration was significantly less than chlorhexidine 0.2%. (P<0.0001)Conclusion: Alcoholic extract of miswak tree has significant antimicrobial effect on above bacteria in comparison with chlorhexidine 0.2%. SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2014: 25(7): 622 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2416-en.pdf
Antimicrobial effect
Lactobacillus acidofillus
Streptococcus Mitts
Actinomyces Viscosus
Miswak tree
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2014-09
25
7
663
673
article
STUDY OF PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF CROCIN ON TESTICULAR HISTOMORPHOMETRYAND SEROLOGICAL PARAMETERS INCYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE ON TREATED ADULT MICE
Zahra Bakhtiary
sara-bakhtiari1@yahoo.com
1
Rasool Shahrooz
2
Abbas Ahmadi
3
Hassan Malekinejad
4
Mostafa Mostafavi
5
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University
Basic Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University
Basic Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University
Basic Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University
Background & Aims: According to the effects of cyclophosphamide (CP) as a current chemotherapeutic drug on the structure of testis, this study was aimed to evaluate the protective effects of crocin on histological structure of seminiferous tubules, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and testosterone in CP treated adult mice. Material & Methods: In this experimental study, 15 adult male mice were treated in 3 groups: control, sham control, and experimental group. The control group received normal saline (0.2ml/day), control sham group received cyclophosphamide (15 mg/kg/week, IP) and experimental group received crocin (200 mg/kg/day.IP) along with cyclophosphamide, respectively. Superoxidedismutase (SOD) and testosterone were measured in blood serum. Testicular samples also were used for histomorphometric studies and malondialdehyde (MDA) measurement. Results: It was revealed that Tubular Differentiation Index (TDI), Republication Index (RI), thickness of capsule, the numbers of active Sertoli cells, amount of SOD and testosterone were increased significantly in control and experimental groups compared to sham control (p<0.05), and Spermiogenesis Index (SI) in control and experimental groups were increased in compare with sham control group,but that was not significant in experimental group. Also MDA was increased significantly in sham control group compared to other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that crocin increases antioxidant enzymes and testosterone. However, it reduced testicular histopathological changes in CP treated mice. SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2014: 25(7): 673 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2417-en.pdf
Cyclophosphamide
Crocin
Testis
Testosterone
Malondialdehyde
Superoxidedismutase
per
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Studies in Medical Sciences
2717-008X
2717-008X
2014-09
25
7
674
683
article
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ELECTROMYOGRAPHY BIOFEEDBACK WITH RELAXATION TRAINING ON THE REDUCTION OF THE DURATION OF HEADACHES IN MIGRAINE PATIENTS: SINGLE CASE STUDY
Fariba Sepehri
sepehri_f66@yahoo.com
1
Karim Asgari
2
Mohammadreza Najafi
3
Ahmad Abedi
4
Anis Jahanbazi
5
University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
Department of Psychology, University of Isfahan
Department of Neurology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Department of Psychology- Teaching Children with Special Needs, Isfahan University
University of Isfahan
Background & Aims: The study strived to investigate the effectiveness of Electromyography (EMG) biofeedback with relaxation training on reduction of the duration of headaches in migraine patients in Isfahan.Materials & Methods: In this study, two patients with chronic migraine were selected using purposeful sampling. This investigation used a single subject with A-B design. Intervention was started after determining the base-line. The EMG biofeedback was taught to each single participant for 24 sessions of 45-minute intervention sessions, and 1 month after the intervention period, the follow-up test was performed. The instrument used was headache diary checklist.Results: It was revealed that during the visual analysis of data graphs for EMG biofeedback on the reduction of duration of headaches, the intervention was significantly effective for all 2 participants.Conclusion: This study showed that EMG biofeedback with relaxation training could reduce the reduction of headaches in migraine patients. As other studies concluded, besides this treatment taking medication could lead to more lasting effects and reduce the duration of the attacks. SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2014: 25(7): 683 ISSN: 1027-3727
http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2418-en.pdf
EMG biofeedback
Migraine
Relaxation training
Single case study