fa آناتومی آناتومی پژوهشي(توصیفی- تحلیلی) Research <b>&nbsp;</b>Abstract<br> Background This study aimed to evaluate heart rate responses during an exhaustive fatigue protocol in obese<br> individuals with and without pronated feet. Investigating this relationship is important because heart rate is a key<br> physiological indicator of exercise performance and cardiovascular function, particularly among individuals with<br> excess body weight and musculoskeletal abnormalities such as foot pronation.<br> Methods The study population comprised participants classified by body weight status and foot posture. Participants<br> were allocated into four groups: (1) normal-weight with normal feet, (2) normal-weight with pronated feet, (3)<br> overweight/obese with normal feet, and (4) overweight/obese with pronated feet. The fatigue protocol consisted of<br> treadmill running to volitional exhaustion. Mean and peak heart rates were recorded throughout the protocol. Statistical<br> analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26.<br> Results The findings indicated no statistically significant differences in either mean or peak heart rate during the<br> exhaustive fatigue protocol between obese individuals with pronated feet and those with normal foot posture (P ><br> 0.05). Furthermore, comparisons among the four study groups showed that neither body weight status nor foot posture<br> significantly affected heart rate responses during the fatigue protocol.<br> Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that neither excess body weight nor pronated foot posture significantly<br> influences heart rate responses during an exhaustive fatigue protocol. Nevertheless, future studies are recommended<br> to evaluate additional physiological and biomechanical variables, including maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) and<br> muscle electrical activity (electromyography, EMG), to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of<br> obesity and foot posture on fatigue-related physiological responses. Obesity, Overweight, Pronated Foot, Heart Rate, Fatigue Protocol 66 71 http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5049-7&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Yaghoub Panahighaffarkandi jacub1999h@gmail.com 3700319475328460038776 0009-0006-0433-7956 No Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Ebrahim Piri ebrahimm.piri@gmail.com 3700319475328460038777 3700319475328460038777 No Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. AmirAli Jafarnezhadgero amiralijafarnezhad@gmail.com 3700319475328460038778 3700319475328460038778 Yes Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Saeid Alihosseini saeid.alihosseini13@gmail.com 3700319475328460038779 3700319475328460038779 No Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.