Studies in Medical Sciences

en Ultrasound-Guided Nerve Blocks with Corticosteroids: Clinical Efficacy, Safety, and Particulate Risk بیهوشی Anesthesia مروری Review article    Background & Aims: Ultrasound‐guided peripheral and sympathetic nerve blocks have gained increasing acceptance in the management of both acute and chronic pain. The adjunctive use of corticosteroids in these blocks aims to prolong analgesic duration and improve block efficacy, yet concerns remain about their adverse effects and optimal use. Materials & Methods: This narrative review examines the pharmacologic basis for corticosteroid use in nerve blocks, summarizes the clinical applications of corticosteroids in ultrasound‐guided nerve and sympathetic blocks, and evaluates the spectrum of adverse events associated with their use. Results: Key topics addressed include the distinction between particulate and non-particulate steroids, evidence from recent practice guidelines on safety and efficacy, and the impact of ultrasound guidance on block outcomes and complication rates. Current evidence suggests that imaging guidance may enhance safety, but that the incremental benefit of corticosteroids over local anesthetic alone remains variable across indications. Conclusion: We identify major gaps in the literature, including the lack of large randomized trials comparing steroid versus non-steroid injectables in ultrasound-guided blocks, and limited long-term follow-up of neuromuscular and endocrine complications. We outline recommendations for clinical practice and propose directions for future research. Adverse effects, Corticosteroid methanetriol mixture, Dexamethasone, Endoscopic ultrasound-guided, Nerve block, Steroids 22 37 http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-4309-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Nazli Karami nazlikarami@yahoo.com 3700319475328460038744 3700319475328460038744 Yes Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran