en فارماکولوژی فارماکولوژی پژوهشي(توصیفی- تحلیلی) Research <b>&nbsp;</b> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><a name="_Toc524607161"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Abstract</span></span></b></a><b><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></b></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Background and Aim:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> The medicinal plant <i>Heracleum persicum</i> has attracted attention due to its bioactive compounds and antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to identify the constituents of essential oil from dried <i>H. persicum</i> fruits and evaluate its antibacterial and antioxidant activities.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Materials and Methods:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Essential oil was extracted from dried fruits using a Clevenger-type distillation apparatus. The components were identified by gas chromatography&ndash;mass spectrometry. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined. Antibacterial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> was assessed using the disk diffusion method and by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration. Antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH radical scavenging assay.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Results:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Thirty-one compounds were identified, with n-hexyl butyrate (49.98%) and octyl acetate (15.39%) being the most abundant. The essential oil contained high levels of phenolics (108.25 &plusmn; 0.1 mg/g) and flavonoids (21.29 &plusmn; 0.1 mg/g). Its antioxidant activity was lower than BHT (IC50 = 1443.92 &micro;g/mL). Significant antibacterial effects were observed against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MIC = 0.2 mg/mL) and, to a lesser extent, <i>Escherichia coli</i> (MIC = 0.5 mg/mL), whereas activity against other tested bacteria was weaker (MIC > 16 mg/mL).</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Conclusion:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> The essential oil of <i>H. persicum</i> fruits contains bioactive compounds and exhibits notable antibacterial activity, particularly against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Its antioxidant activity was lower than the synthetic antioxidant BHT, and further studies are required to assess safety and efficacy in in vivo conditions.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></span></span></span> Antibacterial agent, Escherichia coli, Essential oil, Heracleum persicum, Staphylococcus aureus 195 202 http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5872-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Amirmohammad Hajati amirhajatii77@gmail.com 3700319475328460038467 3700319475328460038467 No School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Edris Mahdavi Fikjvar ias.intl.scientists@gmail.com 3700319475328460038468 3700319475328460038468 Yes Medical Biotechnology Research Centre, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran Maedeh Mohammadi Jonaghani maedehmohammadi2003@gmail.com 3700319475328460038469 3700319475328460038469 No Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Advanced Biological Technologies, Tehran East Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Parisa Satvat parisa.satvat.2003@gmail.com 3700319475328460038470 3700319475328460038470 No Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Advanced Biological Technologies, Tehran East Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Nooshin Amini amini.n.2486@gmail.com 3700319475328460038471 3700319475328460038471 No Member of the Scientific Committee and Management, Global Network for Research, Education, and Events (GREEN), Tehran Representative Office, Iran