en فیزیولوژی فیزیولوژی پژوهشي(توصیفی- تحلیلی) Research &nbsp;<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Abstract</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Background & Aim:</span></span></span></b></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Despite its anticancer efficacy, 5-Fluorouracil exhibits toxicity toward normal cells. Similarly, silver chloride nanoparticles (AgCl NPs), although known for their anticancer potential, raise safety concerns. Due to limited data on the combined effects of these two agents on normal renal cells, this study aimed to evaluate the individual and combined cytotoxic effects of 5-Fluorouracil and AgCl NPs on HEK293 cells.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Materials & Methods:</span></span></span></b></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">HEK293 cells were treated with various concentrations of 5-Fluorouracil, AgCl NPs, and their combination. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, and IC₅₀ values were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey&rsquo;s post hoc test. </span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Results:</span></span></span></b></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">All treatments reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. IC₅₀ values were calculated as 125 &micro;g/ml for AgCl NPs, 174 &micro;g/ml for 5FU, and 181 &micro;g/ml for the combination. The combined treatment exhibited a higher IC₅₀ than either single agent, suggesting potential protective interactions.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Conclusion:</span></span></span></b></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Co-treatment with 5-Fluorouracil and AgCl NPs may reduce cytotoxicity to normal cells while maintaining therapeutic efficacy. These findings highlight the need for further in vivo studies and mechanistic investigations to optimize safe and effective nanoformulation-based therapies.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; 5-Fluorouracil, Silver chloride nanoparticles, HEK293 cells, MTT assay, Cytotoxicity 186 194 http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5871-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Parand Torabi parand.pt@gmail.com 3700319475328460038489 3700319475328460038489 No Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran Hadis Rostami Motamed aic.intl.conferences@gmail.com 3700319475328460038490 3700319475328460038490 Yes Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mehrnoush Ebadi banoomehr548@gmail.com 3700319475328460038491 3700319475328460038491 No Department of Engineering, Bioengineering Campus, University of Genova, Italy