en نوزادان Infants مروری Review article <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span new="" roman="" times=""><a name="_Toc416081061"></a></span></span><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span aptos=""><b>Background</b> Congenital hypothyroidism, characterized by insufficient thyroid hormone production at birth, significantly impacts neonatal growth and development. This deficiency can impair neonatal growth and development. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in Iranian neonates through a systematic review and meta-analysis.</span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span aptos=""><b>Methods</b> A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, SID, and Magiran up to January 2025 to identify relevant studies. Manual searches of key review articles and primary studies were also performed. Only studies published in Persian or English were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale checklist was used to assess the risk of bias in the selected studies. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 3).</span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span aptos=""><b>Results</b> Thirty-nine studies, comprising 3,124,702 neonates, were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis showed a congenital hypothyroidism prevalence of 2 per 1000 live births (95% CI: 0.002&ndash;0.003; p < 0.05). The prevalence was 3 per 1000 live births in both males (95% CI: 0.002&ndash;0.004; p < 0.05) and females (95% CI: 0.002&ndash;0.004; p < 0.05). No significant publication bias was observed (p > 0.05).</span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span aptos=""><b>Conclusion</b> The elevated prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in Iran highlights the necessity for enhanced screening programs, early diagnostic protocols, intervention, and allocation of necessary resources are essential for the effective management of congenital hypothyroidism prevalence.</span></span></span><br> &nbsp;</span></p> Congenital hypothyroidism, Infant, Iran, Meta-Analysis, Prevalence, Systematic review 96 107 http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5835-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Saeed Khorramnia saeedkhorramnia1@gmail.com 3700319475328460037955 3700319475328460037955 No Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Ali Ibn Abitaleb Educational and Treatment Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Babak Shekarchi bashekarchi@gmail.com 3700319475328460037956 3700319475328460037956 No MAHAK Hematology Oncology Research Center (MAHAK-HORC), MAHAK Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mojgan Mohajeri Iravani Mojganmoon23001@gmail.com 3700319475328460037957 3700319475328460037957 No School of Allied Medical Sciences, 503 Hospital (Hajar), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Teymurizadeh teymoorimo797@gmail.com 3700319475328460037958 3700319475328460037958 No Bioelectric Specialization, Department of Medical Sciences and Modern Technologies, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Romina Golpayegani romina.golpayeganiii@gmail.com 3700319475328460037959 3700319475328460037959 No Marketing Specialization, Department of Management, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Sarkoohi sarkoohiali8657@gmail.com 3700319475328460037960 3700319475328460037960 No Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Ali Ibn Abitaleb Educational and Tretment Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Hamid Pakzad Moghadam pakzadmoghadam@gmail.com 3700319475328460037961 3700319475328460037961 No Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Ali Ibn Abitaleb Educational and Tretment Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Akbar Haji Ghasemalian Drghasemalian@gmail.com 3700319475328460037962 3700319475328460037962 No Speclalist in Aerospace and submarine medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ebadallah Shiri Malekabad ebad.shiri1986@gmail.com 3700319475328460037963 3700319475328460037963 No School of Nursing, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zia Navidi drzianavidi49@gmail.com 3700319475328460037964 3700319475328460037964 Yes Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Ali Ibn Abitaleb Educational and Treatment Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran