fa مقایسه سیتوگرافی رادیونوکلوئید مستقیم (DRC) و سیستوگرافی با ماده حاجب (VCUG) در تشخیص رفلاکس ادراری مثانه به حالب (VUR) در کودکان مبتلا به عفونت ادراری آناتومی آناتومی پژوهشي(توصیفی- تحلیلی) Research <p class="Chekide" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: kashida TEXT-ALIGN: justify TEXT-KASHIDA: 0% MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt unicode-bidi: embed DIRECTION: rtl" dir="rtl"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt">پیش زمینه و هدف: </span></b><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA">جهت تشخیص </span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">VUR</span><span dir="rtl"></span></font></font><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span>، روش‌های مختلفی بکار می‌رود که مهم‌ترین آن‌ها</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><font face="Times New Roman" size="2"> VCUG </font></span><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA">و </span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">DRC</span><span dir="rtl"></span></font></font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span> <span lang="FA"><font face="Nazanin" size="2">می‌باشند. این مطالعه جهت مقایسه دو روش </font></span></span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">VCUG</span><span dir="rtl"></span></font></font><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span> و </span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">DRC</span><span dir="rtl"></span></font></font><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span> در تشخیص </span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">VUR</span><span dir="rtl"></span></font></font><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span>، ترتیب داده شده است.<p></p></span></p><p class="Chekide" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: kashida TEXT-ALIGN: justify TEXT-KASHIDA: 0% MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt unicode-bidi: embed DIRECTION: rtl" dir="rtl"><b><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA">مواد و روش کار</span></b><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA">: طی یک سال کودکان مراجعه کننده به بخش نفرولوژی کودکان در محدوده سنی 2 ماه تا 15 سال مبتلا به </span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">UTI</span><span dir="rtl"></span></font></font><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span>، به صورت ساده و تصادفی توسط یکی از روش‌های </span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">VCUG</span><span dir="rtl"></span></font></font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span> <span lang="FA"><font face="Nazanin" size="2">یا </font></span></span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">DRC</span><span dir="rtl"></span></font></font><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span>، از نظر تشخیص </span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">VUR</span><span dir="rtl"></span></font></font><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span>، تحت مطالعه قرار گرفتند. روش تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها شامل </span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">Chi-squre</span><span dir="rtl"></span></font></font><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span> برای بررسی ارتباط تست‌های متغیرها و آنالیز </span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">Descriptive</span><span dir="rtl"></span></font></font><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span> برای گزارش فراوانی‌ها بود.<p></p></span></p><p class="Chekide" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: kashida TEXT-ALIGN: justify TEXT-KASHIDA: 0% MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt unicode-bidi: embed DIRECTION: rtl" dir="rtl"><b><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA">یافته‌ها</span></b><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA">: 135 کودک معادل 270 واحد حالب کلیه وارد مطالعه شدند. در 136 واحد </span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">DRC</span><span dir="rtl"></span></font></font><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span> و در 134 واحد </span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">VCUG</span><span dir="rtl"></span></font></font><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span> انجام گرفت. هر دو گروه از نظر سنی و جنسی، شرایط یکسانی داشتند در روش </span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">DRC</span><span dir="rtl"></span></font></font><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span> از 136 واحد حالب کلیه مورد مطالعه، 66 واحد (5/48درصد) دچار </span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">VUR</span><span dir="rtl"></span></font></font><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span> بودند ولی در روش </span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">VCUG</span><span dir="rtl"></span></font></font><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span> از 134 واحد 44 واحد (8/32درصد) دچار </span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">VUR</span><span dir="rtl"></span></font></font><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span> بودند.<p></p></span></p><p class="Chekide" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: kashida TEXT-ALIGN: justify TEXT-KASHIDA: 0% MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt unicode-bidi: embed DIRECTION: rtl" dir="rtl"><b><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA">بحث:</span></b><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"> در مطالعه ما درصد تشخیص </span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">VUR</span><span dir="rtl"></span></font></font><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span> بین دو روش </span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">DRC</span><span dir="rtl"></span></font></font><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span> و </span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">VCUG</span><span dir="rtl"></span></font></font><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span> تفاوت معنی‌دار داشت. یعنی موارد تشخیص داده شده </span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">VUR</span><span dir="rtl"></span></font></font><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span> به روش </span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">DRC</span><span dir="rtl"></span></font></font><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span> بیش از موارد </span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">VCUG</span><span dir="rtl"></span></font></font><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span> بود. <p></p></span></p><p class="Chekide" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: kashida TEXT-ALIGN: justify TEXT-KASHIDA: 0% MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt unicode-bidi: embed DIRECTION: rtl" dir="rtl"><b><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA">نتیجه گیری:</span></b><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"> در کودکان با عفونت ادراری احتمال کشف </span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">VUR</span><span dir="rtl"></span></font></font><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span> در روش </span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">DRC</span><span dir="rtl"></span></font></font><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span>، در مقایسه با </span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">VCUG</span><span dir="rtl"></span></font></font><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span>، با درصد بالاتری امکان‌پذیر است.</span></p><p class="Chekide" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: kashida TEXT-ALIGN: justify TEXT-KASHIDA: 0% MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt unicode-bidi: embed DIRECTION: rtl" dir="rtl"><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"></span></p><p class="Chekide" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: kashida TEXT-ALIGN: justify TEXT-KASHIDA: 0% MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt unicode-bidi: embed DIRECTION: rtl" dir="rtl"><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Nazanin FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt mso-ansi-font-size: 8.5pt mso-bidi-language: FA"><p> </p></span></p> <p class="Abstract" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" dir="ltr"><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><p><strong><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></strong></p></span></p><p class="Amatnmagale" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" dir="ltr"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><i><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"><strong>Background & Aims</strong></span></i><span><strong>:</strong> Cystography with contrast and cystography with radionuclide are two common methods for diagnosis of urinary reflux. <a name="OLE_LINK2"></a><a name="OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2">This study compared two methods direct radionuclide cystography (DRC) with contrast voidingcystography (VCUG). </span></a><p></p></span></font></font></p><p class="Amatnmagale" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" dir="ltr"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><b><i><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Materials & Methods: </span></i></b><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">This study was conducted for 12 months on children with urinary tract infection </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>)</span><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">age: 2 months-15 years) whom referred to nephrology clinic were enrolled in the study. In order to diagnose the urinary reflux, one of DRC and VCUG methods was performed randomly. Chi-square and Descriptive test was used for data processing and statistical analyses.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi" dir="rtl"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p class="Amatnmagale" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" dir="ltr"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><b><i><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Results</span></i></b><b><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">: </span></b><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">A total 135 children (270 ureter) were studied in this report. In 136 ureter, DRC and in 134 ureter VCUG were performed. Sex and age were matched in both groups. VUR was detected in 66 ureter (%48.5) in DRC group and in 44 ureter (32.8) in VCUG group. Statistically, DRC method was more powerful in diagnosis of urinary reflux in comparison with VCUG method.<p></p></span></font></font></p><p class="Amatnmagale" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" dir="ltr"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><b><i><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Conclusion</span></i></b><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">: In this study two methods had significant difference in diagnostic value. DRC method, which was more sensitive in diagnosis of urinary reflux, was suggested to perform in observance of ideal condition.</span></font></font></p><p class="Amatnmagale" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" dir="ltr"><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin' mso-bidi-language: FA"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">SOURCE: URMIA MED J 2013: 24(8): 606 ISSN: 1027-3727</font></span><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"><p></p></span></p> عفونت ادراری، ریفلاکس مثانه‌ای حالبی Cystography with contrast, Cystography with radionuclide, Vesicoureteral reflux, Urinary tract infection 600 606 http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-582-394&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Ahmad Ali Nikibakhsh احمدعلی نیکی بخش anikibakhsh@yahoo.com 370031947532846008817 370031947532846008817 Yes Urmia University of Medical Sciences دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ارومیه، مرکز تحقیقات نفرولوژی ارولوژی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ارومیه Hashem Mahmoodzadeh هاشم محمودزاده 370031947532846008818 370031947532846008818 No Urmia University of Medical Sciences دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ارومیه Sasan Hejazi ساسان حجازی 370031947532846008819 370031947532846008819 No Urmia University of Medical Sciences دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ارومیه Mehran Noroozi مهران نوروزی 370031947532846008820 370031947532846008820 No Urmia University of Medical Sciences دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ارومیه Ahad Ghazavi احد قضاوی 370031947532846008821 370031947532846008821 No , maternal and childhood obesity of research center Urmia, University of Medical Sciences دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ارومیه Shahsanam Gaibi شاهصنم غیبی 370031947532846008822 370031947532846008822 No Urmia University of Medical Sciences مرکز تحقیقات چاقی مادر و کودک، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ارومیه Ebrahim Sadegy ابراهیم صادقی 370031947532846008823 370031947532846008823 No Urmia University of Medical Sciences دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ارومیه Reza Saeifar رضا ساعی‌فر 370031947532846008824 370031947532846008824 No Urmia University of Medical Sciences دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ارومیه